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BIOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE— II
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS— III
JOSfi CUATRECASAS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 2
Published by
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
FLORA OF SOUTH AMERICA
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE— II
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS— III
JOSfi CUATRECASAS
NOV 2 1 ISCi
C.'ilVL'iC-rY Or ILLINOIS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 2
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
NOVEMBER 9, 1951
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
INTRODUCTION
The second instalment of this series includes descriptions of new
species and comments concerning the taxonomic status of Andean
Senecioneae. The material \ised in this study represents collections
found in the Herbarium of Chicago Natural History Museum, United
States National Herbarium (Smithsonian Institution), New York Botani-
cal Garden, and Gray Herbarium. I want to express my sincere thanks
to the curators of these institutions for having given me the oppor-
tunity to study these interesting plants.
Some synonyms and new combinations presented in this paper are
necessitated by the transfer of the species of Culcitium to Senecio
proposed by me in the first part of this series (same vol. pages 43-51).
Several new names published in that paper are herewith corrected.
In a first attempt to classify the Andean Senecios in natural sub-
divisions, it was necessary to create new sections for a better under-
standing of the genus as found in that area and to redefine 'three
sections I had established previously. The new sections described
below are: Ledifolium, Abietoides, Vacinioides, Arbutoides, Erico-
ides, Triana, Granata, Macbrideus, Praegynoxys, Paragynoxys, Den-
drophorbium, Hypsobates, and C ulc itiops is . Sections Reflexus Cuatr.,
Culcitium (HBK) Cuatr., and Latiflorus Cuatr., are redefined.
The paper begins with descriptions of new species of Gynoxys
(mostly Peruvian and Bolivian). These are followed by an account of
Senecio in northern South America (mostly Colombia), by miscellane-
ous nomenclatural and taxonomical notes, and by new or noteworthy
species of Senecio from Peru and Bolivia. The new sections are
treated at the end. The arrangement of the species is according to
their taxonomic affinities. This manuscript was finished in November
1950.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
Gynoxys subamplectens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramosus vel scandens. Ramuli tortuosi terminales tomentu-
losi demum glabrati.
Folia opposita coriacea breviter petiolata. Petiolus 2-4 mm. longus
dense tomentosus. Lamina late lanceolata basi lata rotundata pro-
funde emarginata apice acuta mucronata, margine subintegra, remote
mucronato-dentata, 5-9 cm. longa, 1.3-3 cm. lata, supra glaberrima
viridis subnitens, costa bene signata, nervis lateralibus ascendendbus
cum nervulis venulisque elevatum reticulum formantibus; subtus ad-
presse tomento luteolo vel cinerascente obtecta, nervis mediano
prominenti lateralibus 8 paribus ascendentibus et nervulis paulo
cons pic uis.
Inflorescentiae terminales basi foliosae cymoso-paniculatae flori-
bundae. Ramuli dense hirtulo-tomentosi inferiores plus minusve
curvati. Rracteae lineares vel lanceolatae 10 mm. longae, sursum 4
mm. longae subtus tomentellae, supra glabratae. Pedicelli teneres
usque ad 12 mm. longi, plus minusve flexuosi dense hirsuto-tomentosi
apicem versus 1-2 bracteis apice 4-5 bracteolis angirste linearibus
1-2 mm. longis hirsutulis ad modum calyculum dispositis.
Capitula radiata (4-6 ligulis, 13-17 tubulis). Involucrum campanu-
latum saepe 8 bracteis 6 mm. longis, exterioribus elliptico-oblongis
acutis 1.5 mm. lads extus tomentellis, interioribus ovato-ellipticis 3
mm. lads margine glabra late scariosa tantum dorso medio tomentello-
puberulo omnibus apicem versus violaceo-rubescentibus glabratis.
Flores feminei ligulati lutei circa 11 mm. longi, tubo corollae 3-4.5
mm. longo apicem versus sparse piloso vel glabrato, lamina ellipdca
vel elliptic o-oblonga circa 7 mm. longa 2-3 mm. lata 4 nerviis notatis,
tridentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei 7-8 mm. longi
glabri, tubulo 2.5-3«5 mm. longo angusto, limbo tubuloso-campanulato
apice profunde 5 dentato dentibus acutis; antheris 3.2 mm. longis;
rami stigma tici apice conici caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus stramineus 7-8 mm. longus pilis sericeis hirtulo-scabridis.
Type: Peru, Depart. Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro de
Cusilluyoc 3800-3900 m. alt., bushy banks of paramo, collect. F. W.
Pennell 13825. "Climbing shrub, flowers yellow." (F., US.) Cotype,
same place: Pennell 13853. (F., US.)
Gynoxys subamplectens is easily distinguished by its almost sessile
leaves which are emarginate and amplexicaul. The inflorescence is
dense and large, the phyllaries are fairly tomentose, large and vio-
laceous toward their tips. The ligules often bear a rudimentary su-
perior lip.
2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Gjnoxys Metcalfii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 1.4 m. alta, ramis plus minusve flexuosis, ramuli subtetra-
goni striati tomentosi vetustioribus gradatini glabratis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus circiter 12 mm.
longus robustus curvatus supra sulcatus infra striatus tomentosus.
Lamina ovato-oblonga basi profunde eraarginato-cordata apice an-
gustata obtusiuscula abrupte breviterque mucronulata; margine laevis
vel obsolete repando-denticulata, 12.5 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. lata; supra
viridis juventutis sparse pilis munita, demum nervo medio impresso
hirsuculo excepto glabrata, nervis secundariis circa 12 utroque letere
prominulis nervulis tertiis reticulatis conspicue elevatis; subtus
ochraceo-viridula, crasso tomento laxo lanato induta, nervo medio
elevato, secundariis plus minusve manifestis reliquis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata terminalis tantum basi foliosa,
foliis valde brevibus (ad 2-3.5 cm. longis). Ramuli angusti erecti vel
parce f lexuosi, crispo-hirsutulo-tomentosi, bracteis lanceolatis, superne
anguste linearibus 3-5 mm. longis tomentellis flexuosis muniti. Pedf-
celli subteneres 7-18 mm. longi 2-4 bracteis munitis et apice 3-4
alteras bracteolas ad modum calyculum dispositas ferentes.
Capitula radiata plerumque 6 ligulis, 16 tubulis. Involucrum tubu-
loso-campanulatum 8 bracteis biseriatis 8 mm. longis, exterioribus
oblongis acutiusculis 2 mm. latis laxe floccoso-hirtulo-tomentellis,
interioribus elliptic o-oblongis, 3 mm. latis tantum dorso tomentellis
marginibus late scariosis glabris. Flores feminei flavi ligulati, 17-18
mm. longi, tubulo capillari 6 mm. longo glabro lamina elliptico-oblonga
circa 12 mm. longa 4-4.2 mm. lata apice abrupte breviterque 3-dentata,
4 nervis conspicuis. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi lutei,
corolla 9 mm. longa glabra, tubulo 4.5 mm. longo limbo tubuloso ampli-
ato, dentibus lineari-triangularibus 1 mm. longis. Stylus exsertus
stigmatibus conicis elongato-penicillatis. Ovaria glabra, pappis circa
10 mm. longis stramineis pilis sericeis hirtulo-scabridis.
Type: Peru: Dept. Puno, prov. Sandia: near Limbani, 3200-3450 m.
alt., moist shaded places, rocky soil, much fog. On mountain-side,
collect. R. D. Metcalf 30529. "Perennial herb 1.4 met. bracts yellow-
green, brown at tips; ray and disc fls. yellow." (US.)
Gynoxys Metcalfii is characterized by its cordate, subamplexicaul
leaves borne on short petioles. It differs from G. subamplectens by
the softer and abundant tomentum on the lower surface of its leaves,
by the longer hairs on its inflorescence, larger, oval leaves, longer
petioles and pedicels, and larger involucres and flowers.
Gynoxys huasahuasis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, rarais terminalibus flexuosis leviter striatis
glabris vel subglabris.
Folia chartacea opposita petiolata. Petiolus 6-12 mm. longus,
teneris pubescens vel glaber. Lamina ovata basi profunde cordata
apice angustata acuta, marginibus crenato-dentata, 4-5.5 cm. longa,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
2-3 cm. lata; utrinque viridis, supra nervo medio paulo irapresso pu-
berulo excepto, glabra, nervis lateralibus parce conspicuis nervulisque
reticulum minutum depressum formantibus; subtus minutissime puberu-
la, costa eminenti, nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque letere prominulis,
nervulis paulo prominulis reticulatis.
Inflorescentia pluriflora terminalis cymoso-paniculata, ramulis bra-
chiatis pubescentibus. Bracteis linearibus angustis ciliatis 2-4 mm.
longis. Pedicelli graciles 5-10 mm. longi puberuli, apice 5-6 bracteo-
lis linearibus acutis 2-3 mm. longis ad modum calyculi. Capitula
radiata. Involucrum 13 bracteis oblongis apice acutatis glabris viridi-
bus in sicco pallescentibus, 5.5-6 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati circa 7, corolla lutea, tubulo 3-5 mm.
longi, lamina 5-6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi
circa 18, corolla lutea 7.5-8 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. limbo campanu-
lato 5-dentato, dentibus papillosis 1 mm. longis. Antherae basi ob-
tusae. Stigmata apice subtruncata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sordido-
a Ibid us.
Type: Peru: Dist. Huasahuasi, 2900 m. alt. Bushy plant growing in
the ravine. Leaves middle-tone green. Fl. yellow. Does not seem to
be common. Collect. 29-IV-1940 Felix Woytkowski 37. (F.)
Gynoxys huasahuasis is closely related to G. Vargasi Cabrera but
differs by being glabrate and having shorter, ovate-acute, irregularly
dentate leaves which have fewer nerves, shorter ligules, and longer
pedicels. According to the original description, the branchlets and
lower side of the leaves of C. Vargasi are ochraceous tomentose.
Gynoxys Macfrancisci Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 m.alt.,ramis flexuosis terminalibus cinereo adpresseque
tomentosis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 2-4 cm. longus,
erectus vel flexuosus striatus supra sulcatus, adpresse tomentosus.
Lamina ovato-oblonga vel ovato lanceolata, basi truncata vel emargi-
nato-rotundata asymmetrica, apice angustata acutiuscula, margine
remote mucronato-dentata, 10-15 cm. longa, 25-55 cm. lata; supra
nervo medio impresso puberulo reliqua glabra nervis secundariis
patulis prominulis, nervulis venulisque in minutum reticulum argute
elevatum anastomosantibus; subtus pallide viridi-cinerea tomento pilis
crispo-lanatis densis adpressis omnino tecta, costa prominenti, nervis
secundariis 10-14 utroque latere patulis marginem versus arcuatis
anastomosatis plus minusve prominulis, reticulo nervulorum laxo
paulo visibili vel inconspicuo.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae compositae terminales valde
floriferae plus minusve flexuosae basi foliatae, ramis adpresse to-
mentosis cinereis, erectis vel flexuosis. Bracteae numerosae ovato-
lanceolatae hirtulo-tomentulosae 20-10 mm. longae 4-2.5 mm. latae.
Pedicelli teneres tomentelli 8-14 mm. longi bracteolis linearibus 5-7
mm. longis extus tomentellis muniti, 3-4 superne ad modum calyculi
4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
dispositis.
Capitula radiata involucre subcarapanulato 8 bracteis tenuis 7 ram.
longis, obtusiusculis exterioribus 2 mm. latis extus tomentellis,
margine glabris, interioribus 3 mm. latis linea media toraentella reliquo
scarioso glabro. Flores feminei ligulati lutei vulgo 5, 12-13 mm. longa
tubulo capillari 5 mm. longo glabro, lamina oblonga circa 8 mm. longa,
2.5-3 mm. lata, 4-nervis, apice obtusiuscule 2-3 dentata. Flores
centrales tubulosi lutei corolla 7 mm. longa glabra, apice 5-dentata
dentibus anguste triangularibus acutis 1.2 mm. longis. Stylus glaber
exsertus stigmatibus subtruncatis papilloso-pencillatis, plus minusve
lateraliter caudatis. Ovarium glabrum. Papus circa 7 mm. longus
stramineus hirtulo-scabridus.
Type: Peru: Yanano, about 6000 feet, collect. J. Francis Macbride
3747. "6 ft. shrub of sunny thickets." (US., F.)
Gynoxys Macfrancisci is distinguished by its large, subcoriaceous
leaves which are borne on long petioles, delicate and prominently
reticulate on the upper side and pulverulent-tomentose on the lower.
The inflorescences are large and pendulous the pedicels thin and
fairly long, the bracteoles are numerous on branchlets and peduncles,
the involucre is scarcely tomentose or glabrate and the phyllaries have
large subscariose edges. Its relative, G. macrophylla Muschler, is a
plant with alternate, usually larger and thicker leaves, short petioles,
and glabrous involucre.
Gynoxys compressissima Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis terminalibus tetragonis indumento sulphureo-albido
valde compresso laevi subnitenti indutis.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 3-4.5 cm. longus
supra sulcatus viridis subtus indumento albido indutus. Lamina ovato-
lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata basi cuneata apice attenuata
acutissima margine integra siccitate paulo revoluta, 9-18 cm. longa,
3-6 cm. lata; supra viridis, in sicco brunnescens laevis, nervo medio
angusto impresso tomentuloso, reliqua glabra, nervis lateralibus et
laxo reticulo paulo prominulis; subtus sulphureo-albida minutissimis
pilis valde intricatis indumentum continuum c empress is simum super-
ficie membranam laevem subnitentem formantibus, nervo medio elevate,
secundariis 7-8 utroque latere ascendentibus parce prominulis reliquis
obsoletis.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata basi foliosa, ramulis
erectis vel flexuosis sulphureo-albidis, bracteolis lanceolatis folia
similibus sed decrescentibus, superioribus linearibus, ad 8 mm. longis.
Pedicelli 5-16 mm. longi apice aliquas bracteolas lineares flexuosas
ad modum calyculi ferentes. Capitula radiata. Involucrum subcam-
panulatum 8 bracteis oblongis 7-8 mm. longis, exterioribus 3 mm.,
interioribus 4 mm. latis, margine scariosis glabris, dorso tenue tomento
discontinue compresso munitis. Flores exteriores feminei 5, corolla
lutea ligulata 16-18 mm. longa tubulo 6-7 mm. longo, lamina elliptico-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
oblonga 9-12 mm. longa, 3.5 mm. lata, apice minute tridentata. Flores
centrales tubulosi circa 20 corolla lutea 10-11 mm. longa, limbo cam-
panulato apice profunde dentato laciniis triangulari-linearibus ad 2
mm. longis. Stylus valde exsertus stigmatibus incrassatis subacutis
valde caudato-penicillatis. Ovarium glabrum.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 12,000 feet, collected J. F.
Macbride 4435. "Common clump-type shrub to 12 ft. high." (F.,US.)
G. compressissima is a striking plant because-of its delicate, en-
tangled and compressed hairs which form a whitish layer covering the
terminal branchlets and under side of the leaves. The outer surface of
the indument is half shining and has a tiny, transparent pelicule (film)
formed by the concrescence of the hairs. This species has subcori-
aceous, acute, long petiolated leaves and involucres with large,
scarcely indute phyllaries.
Gynoxys vacana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramuli tetragoni nodosi flexuosi minute adpresseque
griseo-tomentosi, vel fuliginosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus supra
sulcatus, reliquus striatus, adpresse tomentosus. Lamina ovato-
lanceolata basi rotundata vel obtusa, apicem versus acutata, margine
levissime repandoque calloso-dentata, 4.5-9 cm. longa, 1.7-3 cm. lata;
supra viridis excepto nervo medio subdepresso tomentuloso glabra,
nervis secundariis ascendentibus cum nervulis in reticulo argute
prominulo anastomosatis; subtus dense adpresseque albo-griseo
tomentosa costa eminenti nervis lateralibus subpatulis minus prominu-
lis, reticulo laxo obsolete.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basim foliatae ramulis
griseis vel fuliginosis dense tomentosis, bracteolis ultimis late line-
aribus 5-7 mm. longis. Pedicelli breves 3-5 mm. longi crassiusculi
tomentosi apice 3-5 bracteolis ad modum calyculi dispositis ferentes.
Capitula radiata 5 ligulis 14-16 tubis. Involucrum subcampanulatum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis obtusiusculis 7 mm. longis, exterioribus
dense tomentulosis cinereo-fuliginosis 2 ram. latis, interioribus 3-3.2
mm. latis margine latissime scariosae vitta dorsale tantum tomentosa.
Flores feminei ligulati lutei, corolla 14 mm. longa lamina oblonga 8-9
mm. longa, 2-2.2 mm. lata. Fibres centrales hermaphroditi corolla
tubulosa 9-10 mm. longa glabra apice profunde 5-dentata laciniis 1.5
mm. longis. Ovarium glabrum. Stylus exsertus stigmatibus oblique
truncatis acutatis penicillato-caudatis. Pappus stramineus circa 8
mm. longus breviter hirtulo-scabrosis.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 13,000 feet, collected J. F.
Macbride 4391. "Open 12 ft. tree on steep well-drained 'point'.
Yellow. (F. US.)
G. vacana is similar to G. caracensis Muschler but has larger in-
volucres with broader phyllaries, stronger pedicels and branchlets of
the inflorescence, both being covered with thicker, grayish tomentum,
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
thicker, less densely reticulate leaves, the veins on the upper side
being prominent whereas those on the lower side are covered by
tomentum.
Gynoxys capituliparva Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva ramuli subtetragoni striolulati terminationibus cinereo-
tomentosis, plus minusve flexuosi.
Folia opposita subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 11-15 ram. longus
striatus cinereo-lanuginoso-toraentosus. Lamina lanceolata basi ob-
tusa apice acuta margine integra paulo revoluta, 6-9.5 cm. longa, 15-30
mm. lata; supra viridis rugulosa nervo medio depresso paulo tomentu-
loso reliqua glabrata nervis secundariis nervulisque depressis paulo
conspicuis; subtus lanuginoso-tomentosa cinerea tomento denso et
laxo inunito, costa eminent! nervis lateralibus 6-7 utroque latere promi-
nentibus arcuato-ascendentibus, nervulis transversis laxe reticulatis
paulo conspicuis.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basi foliosae folia
breviores ramulis angulatis adpresse griseo-tomentosis. Bracteolae
superiores lanceolatae vel lineares 5-6 mm. longae. Pedicelli valde
teneres 2-7 mm. longi tomentelli apice 3-4 bracteolis anguste lineari-
bus 4 mm. longis ad modum calyculi ferentes. Capitula radiata sub-
campanulata parva. Bracteae involucri 8, 4-4.5 mm. longae, 1.5-2 mm.
latae exteriores tomentellae interiores late margine scariosa glabra
dorso tomentello. Flores feminei ligulati lutei corolla 8-9 mm. Tonga,
lamina oblonga 1.5 mm. lata apice 3-denticulata. Flores centrales
tubulosi corolla lutea 6 mm. longa. Stigmata extus papillosa apice
obtusa penicillata. Pappus 5 mm. longus stramineus setis hirtulo-
scabrosis. Ovarium glabrum.
Type: Peru: Tambo de Vaca, about 12,000 feet, collected by J. F.
Macbride 4434. "Common 15 ft. tree of uplands. Crown dense." (F.)
G. capituliparva is well characterized by its small, acute, lanceo-
late leaves which are rugulose on the upper side and grayish or
cinereous-tomentose beneath; its tomentum is thick and soft, its in-
florescences are small and shorter than its basal leaves, its pedicels
are thin, and its heads and flowers are very small, as compared with
other species of this genus.
Gynoxjs infralanata Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 7-10 met. alta ramulis terminalibus tetragonis striatis lanato-
tomentosis albicantibus vel fuliginosis.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus robustus supra
sulcatus lanato-tomentosus 2 cm. longus. Lamina ovata basi lata
truncata apice acutata, margine integra angustissime revoluta, 8-10
cm. longa, 4.5-6 cm. lata; supra luteolo-viridis nervo medio impresso
tomentoso, secundariis paulo prominulis tomentulosis, reliqua in
juvenile statu puberula demum glabrata, nervulis venulisque laxe
reticulatis prominulis; infra dense lanato-tomentosa albicans costa
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 7
valde elevata, nervis secundariis 12-13 utroque latere prominentibus
patulis marginem versus furcatis^ obsolete anastomosatis, ^nervulis
minoribus vix inconspicuis. >.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-panicufeta basi foliosa floribunda
ramis tetragonis dense albido-lanato-tomentosis. Bracteolae anguste
lineares circa 5 mm. longae lanatae. Pedicelli 2-5 mm. longi sub-
teneres lanato-tomentosi, apice 4-5 bracteolis linearibus 2-5 mm.
longis calyculum formantibus. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum sub-
campanulatum 8 bracteis ellipticis vel oblongis 5-6 mm. longis, 3 mm.
latis, crassiusculis, exterioribus lanato tomentosis, interioribus dorso
crasso lanato, margine glabra late squamosa. Flores feminei ligulati
5-6, corolla 11 mm. longa, lamina oblonga 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata
apice brevissime tridenticulata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi,
corolla tubulosa 6 mm. longa glabra tubulo 2 mm. longo crassiusculo,
limbo tubuloso-conico apice profunde 5-dentato. Kami stigmatici ob-
tuse conici longe caudato-penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus 5-6 mm. longus setis hirtulo-scabrosis.
Type: Peru: Torontoy, Urubamba Valiey, altitude about 3900
meters, collected by Edmund Heller 2181. "Chief timber-line tree,
slender 2 0-30 ft." (US.)
Cotype: Heller 2178 (same locality). (US.)
G. infralanata can be distinguished by its medium sized, thickly
coriaceous, oval acute leaves which are scarcely puberulent on the
upper side and thickly tomentose-lanate beneath; its whitish inflo-
rescence is also densely tomentose; its heads are rather small and its
phyllaries thick and tomentose.
G>noxys pillahuatensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Ramuli terminales flexuosi subtetragoni striati luteolo-
viridi-tomentosi.
Folia opposita petiolata coriacea. Petiolus 15-18 mm. longus dense
tomentosus supra sulcatus basim dilatato vaginatus, subtus striolatus.
Lamina ovato-lanceolata basi rotundata vel obtusa apicem attenuata,
acuta margine plana remotis dentibus callosis munita vel laevis, 7-10
cm. longa 2.5-4 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio angusto depresso
tomentello reliqua adulta glabra, nervis lateralibus filiformibus,
nervulis angustis prominulis reticulatis; subtus dense ochraceo-
tomentosa nervo medio valde eminenti striato nervis secundariis promi-
nentibus ascendentibus marginem versus plus minusve ramificato-
reticulatis, nervulis laxe reticulatis parum manifestis.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae latae floribundae
flexuosae axi ramulisque striatis ochraceo-tcmentosis, bracteolis
superioribus anguste linearibus acutis flexuosis tomentosis 3-7 mm.
longis. Pedicelli tenues striati 2-6 mm. longi apice 3-5 bracteolis
linearibus ad modum calyculum. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum
tubulo so-campanulatum 8-10 bracteis 6 mm. longis acutis exterioribus
1.8-2 mm. latis tomentellis, interioribus 3 mm. latis, dorso carinato-
8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tomencello margine late scariosa glabra. Flores feminei marginales 5
flavi ligulati, corolla 9-10 mm. longa lamina 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi praecipue 12, corolla tubulosa lutea 7-8
mm. longa glabra. Ramuli stigmatici conici penicillato-caudati.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus circa 7 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Department of Cuzco: "Pillahuata". Cerro de
Cusilluyoc, 3000-3300 m. alt. collected May 1925 F. W. Pennell 14134.
"Flowers lemon yellow. Tree." (F. US.)
C. pillahuatens is is closely related to G. caracensis Muschler and
C, cusilluyocana. From the former it can be distinguished by its ob-
tuse or rotund leaves, its less compressed tomentum, its slightly
winged petioles with their enlarged bases, and its narrower heads con-
taining fewer flowers. By comparison C. cusilluyocana has leaves
which are strongly lanceolate at the base, more coriaceous and strong-
ly reticulate on the upper side with a rugose appearance revolute
margin; the inflorescences and heads are smaller and the tomentum is
denser than in G. pillahuatens is. The latter is also close to G. nitida
Muschler which has thicker and more elliptical leaves, more strongly
reticulated on the upper side and more densely tomentose, thicker and
broader, more tomentose phyllaries, and more robust branchlets of the
inflorescence.
Gynoxys cusilluyocana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis subtetragonis striatis griseis terminationibus adpresse
griseo vel cinereo-tomentosis.
Folia opposita petiolata coriacea. Petiolus 8-20 mm. longus dense
cinereo-tomentosus supra sulcatus. Lamina ovato-lanceolata basi
rotundata vel obtuse cuneata apice attenuata acuta, margine integra
vel spars issimis dentibus callosis munita siccitate revoluta, 5-8 cm.
longa 1.6-3.2 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio depress© albo-
tomentoso reliqua glabra, nervulis in reticulum densum prominulum
anastomosantibus; subtus dense lanuginoso-tomentosa ochraceo
pallida, costa elevata, nervis secundariis 8-10 paribus prominentibus
vel prominulis ascendentibus marginem versus paulo ramificatis, re-
liquis nervulis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae terminates cymoso-paniculatae tantum basi foliatis,
folia adjacentia aequilongae vel breviores. Ramuli teneres subflexu-
osi dense tomentosi, bracteolis superioribus linearibus tomentosis
3-5 mm. longis. Pedicelli teneres 2-5 mm. longi tomentosi apice 3*5
bracteolis linearibus ad involucrum adpressis calyculum formantibus.
Capitula heterogama involucro 8 bracteis crassiusculis 5 mm. longis,
exterioribus 2 mm. latis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis extus tomen-
tosis, interioribus 3 mm. latis ovatis dorso carinato-tomentoso margini-
bus late scariosis glabris, apice omnibus violascentibus. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati praecipue 8, corolla 7-8 mm. longa, flava,
lamina 3.5 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata apice tridentata. Flores centrales
hermaphroditi circa 16, corolla tubulosa lutea 5.5 mm. longa tubulo
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II
2 mm. longo, apice 5 dentata. Rami stigmatici acutiusculi caudato-
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 6 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Department of Cuzco: Paso de Tres Cruces, Cerro
de Cusilluyoc, alt. 3500-3800 m. collect. May 3, 1925 F. W. Pennell
13900. "Rocky thicket, shrubzone below paramo. Flowers lemon
chrome." (F. US.)
G. cusilluyocana is close to G. infralanata, but its tomentum is less
thick, the upper side of its lanceolate leaves appears rugose, as its
due to the elevated reticule, and its inflorescences are slender. The
same features distinguish it from G. caracensis Muschler.
Gynoxys cuzcoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 4-6 met.alta. Ramuli terminales subtetragoni, striati ochraceo-
tomentosi vel fuliginosi, praecipue in partibus juvenilibus pilis crispis
brevibus dense intricato-tomentosis et pilis longis patulis muniti.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus 12-20 mm.
longus dense ochraceo-tomentosus et hirtus supra late sulcatus basim
versus ampliato-vaginatus subtus striatus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-
elliptica basi emarginata apice subite acutata margine integra parum
incrassato-revoluta, 7.9-9 cm. longa 3.5-4 cm. lata; supra nitida viridis
nervo medio depresso angusto tomentuloso excepto glabra, nervulis
elevatis graciliter reticulatis; subtus denso tomento ochraceo induta
nervo medio elevato, secundariis 10-12 utroque latere prominentibus
ascendentibus inter eos nervulis laxe reticulum minus conspicuum
formantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae floribundae ramulis
plus minusve flexuosis striolatis dense tomentosis, bracteolis lineari-
bus copiosis 12-4 mm. longis breviter tomentellis et hirsutulis munitis.
Pedicelli 10-15 mm. longi striolati teneres sed rigidi saepe erecti
aliquis bracteis muniti apicem 2-3 bracteolis vix calyculum formanti-
bus. Capitula heterogama mediocria. Involucrum campanulatum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis acutiusculis 7-7.5 mm. longis 2.2-3 mm.
latis, exterioribus tomentosis, interioribus dorso tomentoso margine
late glabra. Flores feminei marginales 6-8, corolla lutea 12-13 mm.
longa tubulo capillare 6-7 mm. longa glabra, lamina elliptica circa
5-6 mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata apice tridenticulata. Corollae centra les
praecipue 12, tubulosae luteae circa 10 mm. longae, glabrae tubulo
angusto 5 mm. longo, limbo apice 5 dentato laciniis 1.5 mm. longis.
Ramuli stigmatici conici penicillato-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
pallidus 8-9 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Tres Cruces, Pancartambo, Department of Cuzco, 3600
in. alt. "bordes bosques de ceja de la rntana", collected Oct. 1,
1941 Cesar Vargas 2253. (NY.)
G. cuzoensis is well characterized by its coriaceous, rigid, shiny
leaves which are strongly reticulately veined on the upper side and
densely tomentose beneath. The petioles, young branchlets and bracts
have a double indumentum, a dense indumentum of short, curly hairs
10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
and another of long spreading hairs.
Gynoxys yananoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami terminales striati dense tomentosi tomento crasso viridi-
ochraceo.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea. Petiolus 20-25 mm. longus
robustus striatus supra sulcatus dense crasseque tomentosus. Lamina
ovato-elliptica basi emarginata vel subcordata apice subite acutata,
margine laevis anguste incrassato-revoluta, 7-10.5 cm. longa, 4.5 cm.
lata; supra viridis subnitida, nervo medio depresso angusto tomentoso
excepto glabra, nervulis elevatis graciliter reticulatis; subtus dense
tomentosa, nervo medio elevato, secundariis 12-14 utroque latere
prominentibus patulo-ascendentibus inter eos nervulis laxuni reticulum
formantibus.
Inflorescentiae axillari-subterminales cymoso-paniculatae ramis
robustis striolatis dense crasseque tomentosis bracteolis numerosis
linearibus tomentellis. Pedicelli 3-10 mm. longi tomentosi teneres
bracteolati apice 4-5 angustis bracteolis flexuosis ad modum calycu-
lum munitis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8 bracteis elliptico-
oblongis acutiusculis 6-7 mm. longis 2.5-3 mm. latis extus tomentosis,
interioribus late scarioso-marginatis. Flores feminei marginales ligu-
lati lutei, corolla 9 mm. longa tubulo 3 mm. longo, lamina oblonga 1
rrm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi, corolla tubulosa lutea 8 mm.
longa glabra tubulo 3 mm. longo, limbo apice 5-dentato. Kami stig-
matici conici penicillati appendiculati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 7-8
mm. stramineus.
Type: Peru: Yanano, about 6000 feet, common in shrubby canyons,
fls. yellow, collected by J. F. Macbride 7931. (F.)
G. yananoensis is very similar to G. cuzcoensis in general aspect
as well as in the form and structure of leaves. However, it differs in
its thicker and longer tomentura, its smaller inflorescences, heads and
flowers, and its shorter pedicels. Its ligules and florets are much
shorter, as the tube of the corolla measures only 3 mm.
Gynoxys Rusbyi Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 met. altus. Ramuli terminales subteretes striati griseo-
brunnei valde juniores tomentulosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 8-20 ram. longus prae-
cipue flexuosus, tomentosus supra sulcatus. Lamina ovato-lanceolata
basi rotundata apice valde acuta, margine plana repando dentata,
dentibus mucronulatis abrupte patulis, 5-8 cm. longa 1.6-3.5 cm. lata;
supra viridis glabra, nervo medio angusto depresso basim versus
parce tomentuloso, nervis secundariis paulo prominulis, nervulis
prominulis laxe reticulatis; subtus dense albicanti-tomentosa, costa
eminenti striolulata, nervis secundariis arcuato-ascendentibus 6-7
utroque latere parte media furcatis, paulo conspicuis nervulis reticu-
latis obsoletis.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 11
Inflorescentia terminalis basi foliosa, cymoso-paniculata, conferti-
florae ramulis erectis vel curvatis adpresse fuliginoso-tomentosi,
bracteis inferioribus foliosis, superioribus lanceolatis et linearibus
supra glabratis infra tomentellis, 6-8 mm. longis. Pedicelli 5-15 mm.
longi teneres et rigid! adpresse tomentosi apice tantum 2 bracteolas
anguste lineares 4-5 mm. longas ad modum calyculum ferentes. Capitu-
la heterogama. Involucrura campanulatum praecipue 8 bracteis sub-
coriaceis elliptic o-oblongis obtusiusculis 6.5 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm.
latis dorso breviter adpresseque tomentellis margine scariosa glabra.
Flores feminei marginales 5-6 ligulatis, corolla lutea 10-11 mm. longa,
tubulo capillari 3.5-4 mm. longo, lamina 2 mm. lata apice 2-3 dentata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi circa 20, corolla tubulosa lutea circa 8
mm. longa tubulo 3 mm. longo limbo tubuloso-campanulato 5 dentato
dentibus lineari-triangularibus 1.5-1.8 mm. longis. Ramuli stigmatici
conici penicillati-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 6-7
mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia: Pongo de Quisne, 12,500 ft., Rocky hills, collected
July 2, 1921 H. H. Rusby no. 3. (US., NY.)
S. Rusbyi is distinguished by its coriaceous, discolored, broadly
lanceolate and remotely dentate leaves which are vividly green on the
upper side and pale tomentose beneath. The phyllaries are broad with
scariose edges, tomentose on their backs and somewhat violaceous at
the tip.
Gynoxys neovelutina Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula. Ramuli flexuosi tetragoni dense adpresseque tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea petiolata elongata. Petiolus 2-3 cm. longus
robustus striatus supra sulcatus, dense adpresseque velutino-tomento-
sus. Lamina oblonga ovato-lanceolata basi lata cordata apicem versus
angustata acuta, margine anguste incrassato-revoluta, minutissimis
dentibus mucroniformibus repandis inferne revolutis, 12-15 cm. longa,
5.5 cm. lata; supra viridis nervo medio depresso tomentoso excepto
glabra, nervis secundariis angustis impressis, nervulis venulisque
minutum reticulum valde conspicuum elevatum vel impressum formanti-
bus; subtus densissime tomento pallide ochraceo (in sicco) aspectu
velutino induta, nervo medio valde elevate striato, secundariis 12-15
utroque latere patulis marginem versus ramificatis prominulis, reliquis
nervulis laxe reticulatis cum tomento velatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis quamfoliabasilaria valde breviora, cymoso-
paniculata, ramulis angulatis dense velutino-tomentosis, bracteis
linearibus tomentosis 4-6 mm. longis. Pedicelli crassiusculi 4-8 mm.
longi, apice 4-5 bracteolis linearibus angustis ad modum calyculum
dispositis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum bracteis subcoriaceis
7-8 mm. longis acutiusculis, exterioribus 2 mm. latis dense tomentosis,
interioribus 3 mm. latis dorso tomentoso marginibus scariosis glabra-
tis. Corollae exteriores 8-10 ligulatae (nondura adultae) 9 mm. longae,
glabrae tubulo 4 mm. Corollae interiores tubulosae 8 mm. longae
glabrae. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7 mm. longus.
12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Bolivia: 3000 m. alt., 14 April 1892, collected Otto Kuntze.
(NY.)
The leaves of G. neovelutina are similar to those of G. pendula
Wedd., but they are thickly coriaceous, densely velvety tomentose be-
neath and markedly reticulate on the upper side; this reticulation is
either prominent or depressed, in which case the surface is rugulose in
appearance. The petioles are robust and striate, and the phyllaries
thick and tomentose. The tomentum of the branchlets and pedicels is
also velvety.
G>nox>s sorataensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Ramuli terminales flexuosi tetragoni nodoso-articu-
lati, internodiis 6-9 mm. longis, adpresse tomentosis.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea elongata. Petiolus 1.5-2.5
mm. longus striatus dense adpresseque tomentosus. Lamina sub-
lanceolato-lineari-oblonga basi rotundata vel obtusa apicem versus
sine sensu paulum angustata acutiuscula, margine parum crassior,
8-13.5 cm. longa, 2-3.6 cm. lata; supra pallide viridis nitida laevis
glaberrima, costa impressa nervis lateralibus paruni conspicuis,
nervulis venulisque obsoletis; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso-
velutina subochracea, costa eminenti striata, nervis secundariis 9-13
utroque latere parce prominulis ascendentibus, reliquis nervulis
reticulatis paulo visibilibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae confertiflorae basi
foliosae quam folia breviores, ramulis robustis striatis dense velutino-
tomentosis, bracteolis superne linearibus tomentosis flexuosis. Pedi-
celli 2-4 mm. longi crassiusculi apice 4-6 bracteolis anguste linearibus
ad modum calyculum dispositis. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8
bracteis elliptico-oblongis obtusiusculis 7 mm. longis, exterioribus
2 mm. latis dense tomentosis interioribus 3 mm. latis dorso dense
tomentoso margine scariosa glabra. Corollae exteriores ligulatae 5-7,
11-12 mm. longae, tubulo capillari 5 mm. longo, apice 2-3 denticulatae.
Corollae centrales 14-16, tubulosae 8 ram. longae, glabrae, tubulo 2.5
mm. longo. Ramuli stigmatici floris hermaphroditi apice incrassati
breviter conici longe penicillato-caudati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia: Sorata, 10,000 ft., collected Feb., 1886, H. H.
Rusby 1638. (NY. F.)
G. s orate ns is is related to G. neovelutina because of its long leaves
which are velvety-tomentose beneath, but distinguishable by its
narrower limb which is rotundate or obtuse at the base, completely
glabrous and smooth on the upper side (lacking conspicuous venation).
The ends of the branchlets are characterized by markedly articulate
internodes.
Gynoxys albifluminis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2 met. altus, ramuli terminales flexuosi tetragoni articu-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 13
lati internodiis 15-30 mm.longis dense adpresseque cinereo vel pallide
ochraceo-tomentosi.
Folia opposita petiolata crasse coriacea elongata deflexa. Petiolus
2-3.5 cm. longus curvatus dense adpresseque tomentosus, supra sulca-
tus. Lamina elliptico-linearis (linguiformis), basi late rotundata vel
truncata interdum paulo emarginata apice paulo angustata obtusiuscu-
la, margine Integra angustissime revoluta; supra viridis nitida promi-
nule reticulato-nervosa glabra nervo medio excepto tomentuloso;
subtus tomento dense adpressoque subvelutino ochraceo-cinereo tecta,
nervo medio striolato elevato, secundariis et nervulis laxum reticulum
cum indumento velatum formantibus.
Inflorescentiae cymoso-paniculatae terminales basi foliosae, ramulis
striatis crasse tomentosis, bracteolis linearibus tomentosis. Pedicelli
crassiusculi dense tomentosi 2-6 mm. longi apice 8-10 bracteolis
crassiusculis 2-5 mm. longis ad modum calyculum ferentes. Capitula
heterogama. Involucrum campanulatum, 10 bracteis subcoriaceis 6-7
mm. longis, exterioribus 2-2.5 mm. latis dense tomentosis interioribus
3-4 mm. latis dorso dense tomentosis margine scariosis glabris.
Corollae exteriores 8-10 ligulatae luteae 12-14 mm. longae tubulo
capillare 5 mm. longo. Corollae centra les circa 20 tubulosae luteae
10 mm. longae tubulo 4 mm. longo; ramis stigmaticis breviter conic is,
penicillato-caudatis. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 9 mm.
longus.
Type: Peru: Rio Blanco, about 15,000 ft. Stream-bank shrub, 4-5
ft. high. Collected, J. F. Macbride 3028. (F. US.)
Among long leaves species, G. albifluminis is characterized by its
tongue-shaped leaves which are almost obtuse at the apex and sub-
truncate or rotundate at the base, marked reticulate on the upper side,
whereas the lower side of leaves and branchlets is almost velvety,
densely tomentose. On the other hand G. neovelutina, perhaps its
most closely related species, has a more velvety tomentum, cordate
and acute, lanceolate leaves which are more minutely reticulate on the
upper side. The new species differs from G. fuliginosa HBK by its
longer leaves and the structure of its indumentum.
Gynoxys visoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor parva, ad 4 m. alta, ramulis paulo angulatis adpresse tomen-
tosis.
Folia opposita coriacea elongata. Petiolus 1.5-3.5 cm. longus dense
adpresseque tomentosus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi truncata
vel subrotundata apicem versus attenuata apice acutiuscula, margine
integra parce incrassato-revoluta; supra viridis nervo medio impresso
tomentoso reliqua glabra nervis nervulisque Jaxe reticulatis paulo
prominulis; subtus dense subvelutino-tomentosa, costa striata eminen-
ti nervis secundariis minus prominulis reliquis nervulis plus minusve
ve latis.
Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata terminalis ramulis dense velutino-
14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tomentosis, bracteis linearibus tomentosis praeditis. Pedicelli 8-12
mm. longi graciles apice 4-6 bracteolis anguste linearibus 4-7 mm.
Ipngis tomentosis muniti. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum campanu-
latum 8-9 bracteis 9-10 mm. longis acutiusculis exterioribus 2.5 mm.
latis tomentosis, interioribus 3.5 mm. lads dorso tomentosis margine
scariosa apicibus plus minusve violaceis. Corollae marginales prae-
cipue 6 luteae 16 mm. longae tubulo capillari 6 mm. longo. Flores
hermaphroditi circiter 16 tubulosae, corolla 10-11 mm. longa tubulo
angusto 3.6 mm. longo glabro; ramuli stigmatici conici longi caudato-
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 10 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Viso, about 9000 ft. Tree to 12 ft. in rock slides.
Several trunks. Flowers light yellow. Collected by Macbride and
Featherstone 580. (F. US.)
G. visoensis is related to G. albifluminis but differs in its more
attenuate but less reticulate leaves, longer pedicels, fewer bracts per
calycle which are longer and flexuose, and longer involucre formed by
8-9 densely tomentose phyllaries. In G. albifluminis the peduncles are
shorter, heads congested, bracts per calycle more numerous (8-10),
shorter and adpressed, and phyllaries shorter, thicker, and more dense-
ly tomentose.
Gynoxys ignaciana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami flexuosi terminationibus striatis lanato-tomentosis.
Folia opposita membranaceo-coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 2-2.5 cm.
longus basi incrassatus valde tomentosus. Lamina ovato-oblonga basi
rotundata vel emarginata apice paulo attenuata obtusiuscula, margine
repando obtuseque sinuata anguste incrassato-revoluta, 7-9 cm. longa,
3.8-5 cm. lata, supra viridis nervo medio impress© angusto tomentuloso,
reliqua glabra nervulis prominulis in reticulum anastomosantibus;
subtus pulverulento-tomentosa in sicco ochracea, costa crassa emi-
nenti 6-7 nervis utroque latere patulo-ascendentibus ramificatis ramu-
lis anastomosatis cum nervulis reticulum laxum prominulum formanti-
bus.
Inflorescentiae terminales floribundae cymoso-paniculatae basi
foliosae, ramulis dense crasseque tomentosis, bracteolis ultimis
linearibus teneribus flexuosis lanatis 6-8 mm. longis deciduis. Pedi-
celli erecti 10-18 mm. longi tomentoso-lanati, 3-4 bracteolis angustis
5-6 mm. longis muniti apice tantum una ad basim capituli disposita.
Capitula heterogama. Involucrum tubuloso-campanulatum 8 bracteis
acutiusculis crassiusculis 8 mm. longis 3 mm. latis extus dense
tomentosis, interioribus margine scariosa. Flores feminei marginales
5, corolla ligulata 13-14 mm. longa, tubulo 5 mm. longo lamina 2-5 mm.
lata. Flores centrales plerumque 20, corolla tubulosa 8-5 mm. longa,
tubulo angusto 3 mm. longo, limbo tubuloso campanulato apice pro-
funde 5-dentato dentibus 1.8 mm. longis; ramis stigmaticis apice
conico-caudato-penicillato. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 7
mm. longus.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 15
Type: Ecuador: Pichincha region: San Ignacio 11,200 ft. Collect.
Aug. 14-19, 1923, H. E. Anthony and G. H. H. Tate 127. (US.)
Related to G. Hallii Hieron., G. ignaciana differs from that species
by its broader, ovate, leaves which are slender, rotundate or emargi-
nate at the base, by its wooly-tomentose branchlets and involucre,
and by its long pedicels provided with long, thin bracteoles which do
not form a true calycle.
Gynoxys Ueinaldi Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula. Ramuli teretes grisei juveniles breviter puberuli mox
glabrati.
Folia papiraceo-coriacea rigida opposita petiolata. Petiolus 6-12
ram. longus robustus adpresse tomentosus supra sulcatus subtus teres
basi crassior vaginatus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-elliptica basi rotun-
data apice paulo angustata breviter acutiuscula mucronulata, margine
integra sed 3-4 dentibus utroque latere minutissimis callosis, 3-5 cm.
longa, 1.8-3.2 cm. lata, supra viridis nitida costa paulo impressa
tomentella reliqua glaberrina nervulis venulisque minutum reticulum
argute prominulum formantibus; subtus dense adpresseque tomentosa
ochracea costa crassa prominenti nervis lateralibus patulis parce
prominulis 8-10 utroque latere marginem versus obsolete ramificatis
anastomosantibus, nervulis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae confertiflorae folia
superiora excedentes, ramulis fastigiatis dense adpresseque ochraceo-
tomentosis, bracteis inferioribus anguste foliaceis superioribus
lanceolatis vel linearibus erectis rigidis 5-2 mm. longis extus tomen-
tosis. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi dense tomentosi erecti apice 3-4 brac-
teis minutis tomentosis ad basim involucri minutum calyculumformant'.-
bus. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum cylindricum glabrum 8 bracteis
oblongis 7-7.5 mm. longis, exterioribus linearibus acutis 1.5 mm. latis,
interioribus 2-5 mm. latis dorso carinato incrassato margine scariosa.
Flores feminei 3 marginales, corolla lutea 9-10 mm. longa, tubulo 3
mm. longo, lamina elliptica 2-2.5 mm. lata. Flores hermaphroditi
centrales 6-8, corolla tubulosa lutea 7 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. longo
limbo campanula CO apice profunde inciso dentibus 2 mm. longis. Kami
stigmatici apice obtusi breviter papilloso-penicillati. Ovariura glab-
rum. Pappus stramineus nitidus 7 mm. longus.
Type: Ecuador: Loja: Cajamuna 2400 m. alt. collect 7-V-1946,
Reinaldo Expinosa 312. (F.)
Cotype: Same locality, collected, Reinaldo Espinosa 347-a. (F.)
G. Reinaldi differs from the other species of this genus by the thin,
but rigid leaves which are ovate and rather small, by the dense tomen-
tum covering the branchlets of the inflorescence, bracts, calycle, and
lower side of the leaves, and by the tubular, glabrous involucre which
contains a small number of flowers.
16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Gynoxya cuicochensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Ramuli flexuosi subteretes striolulati, minute dense adpresseque
tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea. Petiolus 1-14 mm. longus, striatus ad-
presse tomentosus. Lamina ovata vel ovato-oblonga basi truncata vel
rotundata apice breviter angustata vel acutiuscula, margine repando
leviterque sinuata, 2.5-5.5 cm. longa 8-28 mm. lata; supra viridis
laevis nervo medio tornentuloso excepto g la bra, nervis secundariis
paulo conspicuis depressis, nervulis venulisque reticulatis leviter
prominulis; subtus dense adpresseque tomentoso-ochracea, nervo
medio crasse prominenti, nervis secundariis 10-11 utroque latere per-
pendicularibus prominentibus marginem versus anastomosantibus,
nervulis prominulis reticulatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata, rainulis tomentosis,
bracteolis ultimis lanceolatis acutis minutis 3-2 mm. longis tomen-
tosis. Pedicelli 1-5 mm. longi apice 3-4 bracteolis ad modum calycu-
luni. Capitula heterogama. Involucrum conico-campanulatum 7-8
bracteis 5.5 mm. longis exterioribus 2 mm. latis tomentosis, interiori-
bus 2.8 mm. latis dorso tomentoso margine late scariosa glabra. F lores
feniinei narginales 3, corolla ligulata 7-8 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm.
Flores hermaphroditi 8-9, tubulosi corolla 7 mm. longa tubulo 2.2 mm.,
limbo campanulato profunde dentate. Kami stigmatici conici penicilla-
ti. Ovariura glabrum.
Type: Ecuador: Prov. Imbabura, Lake Cuicocha 3500 m. alt.,
collected C. W. Pendland & R. H. Summer 722. (F.)
C. cuicochensis is close to G. Hallii Hieron. and G. ignaciana but
is distinguished by its dense, compressed tomentum, by the shape of
its leaves, the rectangular secondary nerves, and by its tomentose
bracteoles and involucre.
(•>nox>s Apollinaris Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami terminales striolulati dense adpresseque lanato-tomentosi.
Folia opposita coriacea. Petiolus crassiusculus 1-1.5 cm. longus,
saepe curvatus supra sulcatus dense tomentosus. Lamina lanceolata
basi rotundata vel cordata apicem versus sine sensu attenuata apice
acuta, margine leviter repando sinuata revoluta, 7-12 cm. longa 1.2-
3.5 cm. lata; supra in juvenilibus crispo-tomentosa in adultis nitida
glaberrima, nervo medio impresso tomentuloso excepto, nervis secun-
dariis patulis (90°) parce prominulis, nervulis venulisque in reticulo
plus minusve conspicuo; subtus ochraceo-ferruginea, densissime
crasseque lanato-tomentosa, indumento intricatissimo pagina uniforme
omnino tecta.
Inflorescentia terminalis cymoso-paniculata pyramidalis ramulis
lanato-tomentosis, bracteolis lineari- lanceolatis vel linearibus flexuo-
sis 10-15 mm. longis munitis. Pedicelli 10-15 mm. longi lanato-
tamentosi bracteolati, apice tantum 2-3 bracteolis calycularibus rr.uniti.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 17
Capitula heterogama. Involucrum 8 bracteis late oblongis acutiusculis
7-7.5 mm. longis, exterioribus 2.5 mm. latis lanatis, interioribus 3-3.2
mm. latis dorso lanatis margine scarioso-glabris. Ligulae 14-15 mm.
longae apice argute 3 dentata tubulo 6 mm. longo. Corollae flororum
hermaphroditorum tubulosae 8 mm. longae, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo, limbo
tubuloso-campanulato apice profunde. dentato. Rami stigmatici conici
penicillati. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus roseo-stramineus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia: Caldas, San Felix, collected, Hno. Tomas Alberto,
1884. (F.)
G. Apollinaris is close to G, Lindenii but differs from that species
by the very thick, woolly tomentum which uniformly covers the under
side of its leaves. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous,
whose edges are slightly sinuate and revolute; only the mid-rib, can be
seen under the thick indumentum.
Named in honor of the well known naturalist and friend, the late
Brother Apolinar Maria.
GYNOXYS TfelANAE Hieron. var. nemocona Cuatr., nov. var.
Lamina foliorum robustior major (4-5.5 cm. longa, 15-22 mm. lata)
elliptico-oblonga basi cordata vel emarginata, subtus ramique intense
ochraceo-tomentosi. Capitula majora.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca: Nemocon, 2900-3000 m. alt.
Shrub. Flowers yellow, collected Oct. 23, 1917, F. W. Pennell, 2619.
(NY.)
Other specimen: Colombia, without locality: Mutis 5931 (US.)
GYNOXYS COLUMBIAN (Klatt) Hieron.
Liabum Columbia num. Klatt
Gynoxys puracensis Cuatr., Not. Fl. Colomb. VI: 32 (1944).
Specimens examined: Cuatr. & Perez Arb. 5958 (type coll. of G.
puracensis). Lehmann 3783 (Paramo de las Moras (fragment of isotype
in the Ch. Nat. Hist. Mus.). Photograf of the type.
Senecio tergolanatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba ad 1 met. alta ramis floriferis erectis robustis striatis arach-
noideo-lanuginosis satis foliosis.
Folia crassiuscule herbacea leviter bullata supra viridia sed sparse
tomento arachnoideo plus minusve persistenti munita, subtus dense
albo- vel cinereo-lanata, sessilia amplexicaulia, inferiora ovato-
elliptica, vel oblonga, apice attenuata obtusa basi late rotundato-
auriculata valde amplectentia, margine irregular^ter dentata vel incisa,
12 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata, superne subtriangularia ob'longiora basi
latissima apicem versus gradatim attenuata subacuta margine revoluta;
nervo medio utrinque manifesto supra albo-lanato subtus prominenti,
nervis secundariis patulis numerosis vix conspicuis.
18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata, ramulis striatis arachnoideo-
lanatis, inferioribus foliorura superiorum axillaribus, bracteis ramorura
triangularibus foliis similibus sed gradatim minoribus. Pedicelli
tenues arachnoidei 5-10 mm. longi, saepe 1 bracteam linearem acutam
longam ferentes. Capitula radiata. Calyculus 10-12 bracteis lineari-
bus acutis valde angustis floccoso-arachnoideis 4-6 mm. longis con-
formatus. Involucrum campanulatum 23-24 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis,
subuniseriatis, 8-9 mm. longis exterioribus 1-1.5 mm. latis, interioribus
ad 2 mm. latis, dorso viridibus saepe leviter arachnoideis margine
scariosis apice ciliatis. Receptaculum alveolatum 4 mm. diam. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati 10-11, corolla lutea tubulo 4 mm. longo
capillari puberulo, ligula 8-10 mm. longa 2.5-3 mm. lata, apice angus-
tata, minutissime 3-dentata. Flores disci ultra 100, hermaphroditi
tubulosi lutei glabri 7-9 mm. longi, tubulo 3-4 mm. longo subcapillari,
limbo tubuloso 4-5 mm. longo dentibus 0.8 mm. longis. Antherae 3 mm.
longae basi obtusae. Kami stigmatici truncati papilloso-penicillati.
Setae pappi Albae tenues 7 mm. longae. Achaenia 2 mm. longa
(inmatura) pubescentia.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca: Nevado del Cocuy, bajando al
Cocuy en prados paramunos, 3600-3800 m. alt., collected 13-IX-1938,
J. Cuatrecasas 1652. (F.)
S. tergolanatus is a rare species living in the paramo-meadows, well
characterized by being a herb with broadly auriculate, amplexicaul
leaves which are woolly white beneath, and by its permanent white
arachnoideous tomentum on the remainder of the plant.
Senecio supremus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, caule inclinato radicibus crassiusculis numero-
sis munito, extreme ramum simplicem foliosum fertilem producto.
Folia basilaria fasciculata crassiuscula, lineari-elliptica sub-
lanceolata tertio inferiore in petiolum angustata basi late vaginata
amplectentia apice subacuta, raargine integra revoluta, 8-18 cm. Tonga,
5-10 mm. lata; supra viridis glabra costa plus minusve conspicua;
subtus arachnoideo-lanigera, indumento aliquando deciduo nervo
medio crasso, reliquis nervulis saepe inconspicuis, vagina longius-
cule lanigera.
Scapus erectus 18-32 cm. longus striatus plus minusve lanuginosus
vel glabratus, foliis alternis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis basi rotun-
dato-amplectentibus, margine valde revoluta integra vel breviter
dentata, apice acutiusculis, supra lana arachnoidea decidua m unit is
denique glabris, subtus lanigeris, apicem versus gradatim minoribus et
bracteosis commutatis. Capitula lata solitaria vel 2-3 ad apicem
scapi, discoidea nutantia circa 3 cm. diam. Pedicelli teneres 2-3 cm.
longi parce lanuginosi. Apex scapi densiuscule lanuginosus brae-
teas lineares acutas glabras numerosas usque 2 cm. longas, 2 mm.
latas, erectas ad modum calyculum ad involucrum adpressas, ferens.
Involucrum hemisphaericum, bracteis herbaceis biseriatis circa
28-30, 14 mm. longis, glabris vel basi parce arachnoideis, exterioribus
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 19
lanceolatis 3-3.5 mm. latis interioribus lanceolato-ovatis 4-6 mm.
latis margine plus minusve erosis, basi breviter coalitis. Bracteae
caliculares longitudinem involucrum aequantes involucrum multi seria-
tera simulantes.
Flores valde numerosi, ultra 300 in capitulo, isomorphi tubulosi,
corolla tubulosa 9-10 mm. longa luteola-glabra, tubulo subcapillare 5
mm. longo basi abrupte bullato, limbo campanulato vel tubuloso cam-
panulato 4.5-5 mm. longo 1.5-2 mm. diam., apice 5 dentato dentibus
triangularibus 1 mm. longus. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi obtusae.
Kami stigmatici apic<_ truncati longe papilloso-penicillati. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus 9 mm. longus in sicco basim versus ferrugineus.
Crescit in supremas partes frigidas arenicolas vel saxicolac andium
novogranatensium.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca': Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de
Las Lagunillas, pedregales-arenales abajo del glaciar, encima de
Silla Larga, 4400-4300 m. alt., collect. 12-K-1938 J. Cuatrecasas
1480. (F.)
Cotype: Id. id. Arenales junto al glaciar del Nevado del Cocuy
(del Pulpito del Diablo), 4600 met. alt. 12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas
1473. (F.)
S« supremus is a herbaceous plant with almost all its leaves basal,
elongate, entire with revolute margin and lax, woolly tomentum; it is
also characterized by its large, solitary, (or 2-3) discoid heads with
broad involucral bracts and pluriseriate calycle covering the involucre,
simulating a pluiseriate involucre. Although related to S. hypsobates
Wedd., it is distinguished from that species by its larger leaves and
heads and by the woolliness. It can be differentiated from S. chiono-
geton Wedd. by its few heads and somewhat woolly arachnoideous
appearance. On the other hand S. summits Cuatr., another related
species, can be distinguished by the dense, white tomentum on the
lower side of its leaves and by the large number of heads found in the
ramified inflorescence.
Senecio pascuiandinus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, caulibus foliosis terminalibus erectis 30 cm.
altis crassis striatis sparse glanduloso-hirtis.
Folia herbacea alterna copiosa basilaria (in speciminibus nostris
sicca corrugata) petiolata petiolus 3-4 cm. longus basi vagina latiora
folia caulina inferiora late lanceolata basi in petiolum 2-3 cm. longum
5-6 mm. latum angustata apice attenuata acuta lamina 8 cm. longa
2-2.5 cm. lata, reliqua sessilia lanceolata, apicem versus breviora;
margine minute dentata plana vel paulo revoluta, supra viridis sub-
laevis piloso-glandulosa et juvenilia plus minusve arachnoidea, tan-
turn costa conspicua; subtus leviter arachnoideo-lanuginosa albicantia
et pilis longis plus minusve strigosis munita, costa eminenti nervis
lateralibus angustis ascendentibus paulo conspicuis reliquis nervulis
in minuto reticulo obsolete.
20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Inflorescentia terrainalis multiflora paniculata 8-12 cm. longa et
lata basi foliosa. Ramuli numerosi erecti glanduloso-hirsutuli et parce
araneoso-floccosi 8-4 cm. longi, apice 1-3 capitula mediocria dis-
coidea nutantia longe pedicellata ferentes. Ramuli vel pedicelli
bracteis anguste linearibus acutis uninervis flexuosis 2-1 cm. longis
plus minusve pubescentibus araneosisque, ad apicem copiosissimis
glabratis caliculum polyphyllum formantibus. Involucrum hemisphaeri-
cum 22 bracteis pallido-viridibus glabris biseriatis, exterioribus
lineari-lanceolatis, 10-11 mm. longis 2 mm. latis apice ciliato-penicil-
latis, interioribus 3 mm. latis oblong is apice abrupte attenuate eroso-
ciliato. Flores omnes tubulosi hermaphroditi ultra 200 in capitulo.
Corolla 7-8.5 mm. longa, glabra luteola tubulo capillari 3-3.5 ram.
longo, limbo tubuloso apicem versus ampliato 4-5 mm. longo apice
dentibus angustis 0.8 mm. longis. Antherae 2 mm. longae basi ob-
tusae. Stigmata truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus a Ibid us 8 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca; Nevado del Cocuy, paramos de Las
Lagunillas, en El Tabloncillo, 4100-4200 m. alt., collected 13-K-1938,
J. Cuatrecasas 1599. (F., US.)
S. pascuiandinus differs from all other herbaceous and discoid
species by the particular shape and indumentum of its leaves, by its
inflorescence, by the bracts on the peduncles and calycle, and struc-
ture of the heads. It is one of the species intermediate between
Senecio and Culcitium.
Senecio adglacialis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, brevibus ramulis reptantibus folios is in rosulas
foliorum terminantibus vel scapiferis.
Folia rosularum herbacea viridia anguste elliptico-lanceolata basim
versus in petiolum latum (3-4 mm. lat.) attenuata apice angustata
acuctiuscula margine breviter et repando serrata plana vel paulo revo-
luta, 6-12 cm. longa, 4-14 mm. lata, utrinque glabrata tantum sparsissi-
mis pilis raunita, nervo medio signato lateralibus paucis valde ascen-
dentibus supra obsoletis subtus conspicuis.
Scapus erectus ad 50 cm. longus striatus puberulus et tenuiter
araneosus foliis oblongo-lanceolatis sessilibus basi auriculato-
amplectentibus, apice attenuatis, margine repando serratis breviter
revolutis, numerosis alternis apicem versus gradatim minoribus.
Inflorescencia terminalis subcorymbosa oligocephala capitulis
radiatis plus minusve nutantibus pedunculatis. Pedicelli flexuosi
5-10 mm. longi araneoso-lanuginosi axillares, bracteas ovato-lanceo-
latas excedentes. Calyculus longus 10-12 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis
18-10 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, dense glanduloso-hirsutis, ad invo-
lucrum paulo longiorem adpressis. Involucrum 20 bracteis uniseriatis
lineari-lanceolatis glanduloso-hirsutulis 2-3 mm. latis 15 mm. longis,
interioribus raargine scariosis. Flores marginales ferainei plerumque
24, ligulatae flavae corolla glabra tubulo 3-4 mm. longo ligula late
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 21
elliptica 12 mm. longa, 5-6 mm. lata apice subrotundata minute tri-
dentata, 10 nervata. Flores centrales 170-180 hermaphroditi corolla
tubulosa glabra, tubulo basi 3 rcm. longo limbo 6-6.5 mm. longo tubu-
loso apice breviter 5-dentato. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi obtusiuscu-
lae. Stigmata truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovariura glabrum vel
parcissime puberulum. Pappus sericeo-stramineus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca; Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de Las
Lagunillas, arenales en la base del glaciar 4400-4500 m. alt., 12-IX-
1938 collected J. Cuatrecasas 1506. (F., US.)
S. adglacialis is characterized by its erect scape with few aggre-
gated heads, by its glabrous leaves (the basal ones are oblong and
attenuate toward the pseudo-petiole), by its glandular-hirsute invo-
lucre, by the calycle made up of numerous bracts nearly as long as the
involucre, by its elliptical broad ligule, and by its glabrous ovary.
It is closely related to 5. leucanthemoides Cuatr. and S. Funckii but
can be distinguished from these by the above mentioned characters.
Senecio Garcibarrigae Cuatr., var. cataractaruir Cuatr., nov. var.
A species differt tota planta praecipue folia subtus et involucrum
plus minusve pilosa, involucrum glanduloso-hirsutulum bracteis latiori-
bus. Ligulae latiores. Achaenia pubescentia.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca: Nevado del Cocuy, Chorreon de San
Paulino, alt. 3950 m., collected 12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1334.
(F., US.).
Senecio Alberti-Smithii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba perennis rhizomate inclinato radicibus elongatis crassiusculis
numerosis.
Caulis a ere us erectus 30-40 crn. longus striatus glaber vel par-
cissime puberulus.
Folia caulina sessilia viridia valde tenuia, ovato-oblonga apice
attenuata acutiuscula basi latiora rotundato-auriculata amplectentia,
inferiora basi angustiora; margine crenato-dentata; 6-8 cm. longa,
2.5-3 cm. lata; supra glabra costa signata nervis lateralibus obsoletis,
subtus sparse puberula costa prominula nervis lateralibus signatis
ascendentibus circa 10 utroque latere marginem versus furcato-
anastomosatis, venulis reticulatis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia in specimine unico 3 capitulis in corymbo terminale
instructa, pedunculis erectis 6-10 cm. longis, parce puberulis. Capi-
tula radiata nutantia. Calyculus 11-12 bracteis anguste lineari-
acutis hispidulis adpressis, 6-9 mm. longis. Involucrum 20-22 bracteis
subuniseriatis lineari-lanceolatis 12-13 mm. longis 1.5-2.5 mm. latis,
parce puberulis apice ciliolatis. Flores marginales 18-20 feminei
ligulati, corolla glabra tubulo 5-6 mm. longo, ligula 18-22 mm. longa,
5 mm. lata, apice obtusa minute tridentata, luteola 4 nerviis rubris
percijrsa. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi circa 95, corolla
lutea glabra 11 mm. longa, tubulo 3-3.5 mm. longo, limbo tubuloso 7-8
22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
mm. longo, apice breviter 5-dentato. Antherae 3 mm. longae basi acu-
tiusculae. Kami stigmatici longi curvati apice obtusi late papilloso-
penicillati. Ovarium parce puberulum. Setis pappi sericeis deciduis
8-10 mm. longis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Paramo de Santurban near Vetas,
3950-4160 m. ak., Jan. 17, 1927 collect. E. P. Killip & Albert C.
Smith 17520. "Rays light yellow fading to pink, faintly red-striped,
florets dark yellow." (US.)
S. Alberti-Smithii is very different from the other herbaceous species
found in Colombian by being delicate and glabrous and having broad,
amplexicaul leaves and erect stems supporting a few radiate h.ads.
According to the collector's note, the ligules are somewhat pink.
Basal leaves are missing in this specimen but they must be petiolate
and elliptical like the young leaves of a sterile rosette. S. Alberti-
Smithii has a surprising affinity with S. helianthoides Philipi from
Chile, but differs by being glabrous and having larger involucres and
flowers, and hispid achenes.
Senecio otophorus Wedd. var. christophori Cuatr., nov. var.
Herba robusta ramosa. Kami arachnoideo-lanati.
Folia crassiuscula firma, superne sessilia ovato-lanceolata oblonga
basi rotundato-auriculata amplexicaulia , inferiora petiolata sed basi
quoque auriculato-amplectentia, intermedia circa basim strangulata,
margine argute dentata revolutaque, supra viridis indumento arach-
noideo deciduo munita, infra dense lanato tomentosa albicantia, 4-8
cm. longa, 7-28 mm. lata.
Panicula terminalis plus minusve copiosa, ramulis pedunculisque
dense lanatis. Involucrum plus minusve lanato-tomentosum bracteis
lanceolatis 10-12 mm. longis margine scariosis. Calyculus poly-
phyllus imbricatus bracteis lanceolatis interioribus involucre dimidio
brevioribus. Flosculis crebris (circa 100) 8 mm. longis tubulo capilla-
ri 4 mm. longo, limbo late campanulato 4 mm. apice argute deltoideo-
dentato. Stigmata truncata longe caudato-penicillata.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca: Bogota, San Cristobal 3000-
3300 m. alt. Bushy mountain valley. Fl. yellow. Collect. Sept. 1917,
F. W. Pennell 2047 (NY.) (isotype US, F).
S. otophorus v. christophori is very different from S. otophorus by its
larger and thicker leaves with abundant woolly tomentum on the lower
surface and by the loose, arachnoid, woolly tomentum which covers its
branchlets and involucre. The latter is longer and the heads are
larger than in the typical form; the branchlets of the inflorescence are
more robust. It represents an adaptation to the lower open bushes of
the paramos. This plant could be regarded as a different species,
were it not for intermediates with S. otophorus (like Pittier 1139,
Huila and A. Joseph A 500 Buitrago).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 23
Senecio Guadalupe Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex (ad arbusculam?) ramis terminalibus robustis rigidis dense
longeque hirsutis pilis subramentaceis.
Folia alterna siniplicia petiolata rigide coriacea. Petiolus 12-16
mm. longus basim vaginato-dilatatus supra anguste sulcatus subtus
teres densissime hirsutus. Lamina ovato-elliptica oblonga basi trun-
cata, vel valde obtusa et asymmetrica, apice abrupte acutata vel ob-
tusiuscula, margine repando denteta revoluta, 4-5 cm. longa, 14-24 cm.
lata; supra in sicco brunnescens, nitida in juvenilibus araneoso-
tomentella denique fere glabra, costa depressa tomentulosa nervis
secundariis conspicuis tomentellis, venulis impressis plus minusve
visibilibus; subtus densissime ochraceo-crispo-tomentosa, costa
crassa elevata rubra hirsuta, nervis secundariis 6-8 patulis promi-
nulis paulo conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis erecta robusta paniculata basi foliosa 8-18
cm. expansa, conferte floribunda. Ramuli rubescenti robusti erecto-
patenti dense ferrugineo-hirsuti pilis subramentaceis longis patulis
flexuosisque. Capitula discoidea in ramulis terminalis 8-10 sub-
corymbosi disposita. Pedicelli 14-3 mm. longi dense hirsuti aliquis
bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis 4-8 mm. longis muniti. Calyculus
8-10 bracteis lineari-acutis 4-6 mm. longis 1-1.2 mm. latis sub-biseria-
tis pagina subglabra in sicco rubescens marginibus hirsutulis. In-
volucrum tubuloso-campanulatum 9 bracteis 8-9 mm. longis, 5 exteriori-
bus linearibus acutis 1.5 mm. latis, 4 interioribus oblongis acutiuscu-
lis 3 mm. latis glabris subnitidis in sicco rubescentibus tantum apice
minute cilio latis. Receptaculum fimbrilliferum circa 2 mm. diam.,
squamis acutissimis plus 1 mm. longis. Flores omni tubulosi, herma-
phroditi circa 34 in capitulo. Corollae luteae in sicco rubescentes
6-7.5 mm. longae glabrae tubulo 1.5-2 mm. longo, limbo 5-5.5 mm.
longo, apice profunde dentatis. Antherae 2.5 mm. longae basi sagitta-
tae. Stigmata obtusa penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus quam
corolla balde brevior.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cundinamarca, paramo southeast of Guada-
lupe, near Bogota, 3300-3400 m. alt. Shrub. Fl. yellow. Collect.
Sept. 27, 1917 F. W. Pennell 2254 (NY) (isotype US), F(frag.)
St Guadalupe is close to S, culombianus Cuatr. and can be easily
distinguished by its hirsute indumentum (not arachnoid woolly) of the
branchlets, inflorescence and the midrib of the leaves. Furthermore it
has more rigid and coarser leaves and slightly larger heads.
Senecio frigidophilus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex, ramis erectis subverticillate ramificatis, terminalibus glab-
ris cum foliis imbricatis vel subimbricatis obtectis, vel inferne
cicatricoso-squamatis vaginibus persistentibus foliorum delapsorum
causa.
Folia alterna sessilia coriacea viridia subnitentia glabra, vel mar-
gine parce minuteque ciliolata; lamina elliptica vel suborbiculata
24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
utrinque rotundata vel obtusa apice abrupte leviterque acutata 5-10
ram. longa, 4-7 mm. lata basi vagina lata amplectenti, tantum nervo
medio conspicuo reliqua laevis.
Inflorescentiae terminates corymbosae 10-12 capitulis discoideis
congestis. Pedicelli 3-8 mm. longi puberuli. Calyculus 6-7 bracteis
imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis 2-4 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. lads
crispo-pubescentibus. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis oblongis
acutiusculis 6 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis, viridibus crispo-puberulis
margine membranaceis ciliolulatis. Flores hermaphroditi tubulosi
lutei. Corolla 5 mm. longa (non totale evoluta). Antherae basi caudi-
culatae. Rami stigmatici obtusi papillosi. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
5 mm. longus albus setis apice incrassatis papilloso-clavatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca, Nevado del Cocuy, alto valle de Las
Lagunillas, en la morrena Silla Larga, 4400-4500 in. alt., collect
12-IX-1938, J. Cuatrecasas 1498. (F).
S. f rigid ophilus, growing in the highest and coldest parts of the
Nevado del Cocuy, is closely related to S. flosfragans Cuatr., but is
distinguished by its pappus hairs the tips of which are thickened by
numerous papillae present; in addition it has shorter, obtuse, 'sessile
leaves, a less developed calycle which is pubescent like the invo-
lucre.
Senecio novolanatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis congestis, ramulis lanuginosis vaginibus coriaceis
foliorum delapsorum dense tectis.
Folia rigide coriacea alterna breviter petiolata, in ramulis terminali-
bus subfasciculatis conferta patula. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus planus
coriaceus basi in vaginam amplexicaulem persistentem subtus glabrarn
ampliatus. Lamina elliptic o-oblonga acuta basi subite in latum petio-
lum angustata, margine laevis, utrinque tomento crasso lanato albo vel
cinereo obtecta, sed in foliis vetustis glabrescens vel glabrata paginis
sublaevis tantum costa subtus paulo conspicua, 10-22 mm. longa
3-6 mm. lata.
Inflorescentiae terminales corymbosae 5-10 capitulis discoideis
congestis, folia superiora vix superantibus. Pedicelli 10-4 mm. longi
dense lanati aliquis bracteis linearibus acutis 3-6 mm. longis lanugi-
nosis muniti, 3-5 superioribus ad niodum caliculi dispositis. Involu-
crum campanulatum 12-13 bracteis oblongis acutis, 5-6.5 n:m. longis,
exterioribus 1.5, interioribus ad 3 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso
arachnoideo-lanatis sub-apice g la brat is apice ciliolatis basim magis
lanatis. Flores tubulosi hermaphroditi 40-52 in capitulo, corolla lutea
glabra 5-5.5 mm. longa, tubulo 1.5 mm. Antherae basi breviter sagitta-
tae. Stigmata truncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus setis, in
sicco stramineis, pilosiusculis apice crassiuscule papillosis clavato-
dilatatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Paramo de Santurban, near Vetas,
3950-4160 m. alt., 'collect. Jan. 17, 1927 E. K. Killip & Albert C.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 25
Smith 17505. "Low compact shrub, florets yellow, pappus light green."
(US.) (fragment in F.).
Cotype: Killip & Smith 17463 same locality. (US).
S. novolanatus is close to S. ledifolius (HBK) DC. but differs from
that species by its harder, more rigid, patulous leaves, which are
arachnoid-woolly, woolly-tomentose (not sericeo-lanate) or sometimes
floccose, its more coriaceous and persistent foliar sheets, the larger
heads with longer and broader bracts and more numerous flowers, and
by the pappus hairs the tips of which are enlarged by numerous hairy
papillas. Careful study of the Killip and Smith plant suggests the
possibility of its identity with Cacalia lanata HBK, of which I have
seen only a photograph. In herbaria, S. lanatus DC. was formerly
applied to a well represented and common species, Cacalia ledifolia
HBK. I have identified many sheets of this species on the basis of
typical material of C. ledifolia and treated C. lanata as a synonym of
C. ledifolia. Since seeing the Killip and Smith specimens, I doubt
again whether this synonymy is correct, although this does not affect
the name of our species, as Senecio lanatus DC is a later homonym.
Senecio Ellsworthii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba robusta 0.60-3 m. alta, plus minusve ramosa, ramis fistulosis
striatis glabris viridi-pallidis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea crassiuscula pallido-viridia glaberrima
subsessilia. Petiolus 3-6 mm. longus glaber, basim versus latior
vaginatus amplectens. Lamina ovata apice acuminata, basi cordata
amplexicaulis, margine leviter revoluta argute serrata dentibus paten-
tibus callosulis 3-8 mm. remotis, maxima vidi 18 cm. longa, 9 cm. lata
in ramis superioribus minor; supra costa prominula, nervis secundariis
7-12, arcuato-ascendentibus leviter prominulis, venulis obsoletis;
subtus costa magis prominenti, nervis secundariis prominulis, venulis
parum conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis magna laxissime paniculata, ad 40 cm.
expansa, axi ramulisque rubescentibus glabris brachiatis. Ramuli
teneres sed rigidi bracteolas anguste lineares acutas 8-3 mm. longas
gracilis ferentes. Pedicelli gracilliter capillares rubescentes recti
vel paulo tlexuosi, 8-5 bracteis angustissimis acutis circa 2 mm.
longis muniti, 2.5-3.5 cm. longi, apice 2-4 bracteolis linearibus ad
capitulum adpressis vix calyculum formantibus. Involucrum tubuloso-
campanulatum, 8-9 bracteis lineari-oblongis acutis, 8 mm. longis,
exterioribus 1.5 mm. lat. interioribus 2-2.2 mm. lat., purpurascentibus
glabris, apice ciliolatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi, circa
16 in capitulo. Corollae viridi-pallidae 9-9.5 mm. longae, tubulo 5 mm.
longo, limbo campanulato profunde 5-dentato dentibus 1.5 mm. longis.
Antherae 2.5 mm. longae basi breviter sagittatae viridulae. Kami
stigmatici crassiusculi-conici breviter papillosi. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus a Ibid us, 7-8 mm. longus.
26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Northern slope of Mesa de los
Santos, alt. 1000-1500 m., collect. Dec. 1926, E. P. Killip et Albert C.
Smith 15398. "Coarse herb, 4-10 feet; bracts purple-red; corolla grass-
green styles grass-green; pappus whire. In open." (US.) (fragment
in F.).
Cotype: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Between El Roble and Tona,
alt. 1500-1900 m. Woods, collect. Febr. 1927, Ellsworth P. Killip &
A. C. Smith 19413. "Herb 2-6 ft.; florets greenish yellow."
S. Ellsworthii is one of the most peculiar species of Senecio in
Colombia. It is especially striking on account of its large terminal
panicles with slender, filiform, reddish, divaricate branchlets, and
long capillary pedicels. The involucres are purplish and the corollas
yellow-greenish. The leaves are large, thick, subsessile and amplexi-
caul, serrate with acute, small teeth. The stigmas have an abrupt,
conical prolongation at the top of the terminal enlargement.
Senecio diamantensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramulis brunneis vel ferrugineis dense hirsuto-
tomentosis, pilis conic is crassiusculis dense tectis acutis praecipue
arcuatis.
Folia alterna membranacea petiolata. Petiolus 5-12 mm. longus
puberulus vel tomentellus valde angustus. Lamina obovata vel sub-
ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi subite contracta, cuneata supra
pattern superiorem petioli decurrens, margine obtuse serrata dentibus
muticis vel mucronatis, 2-4 cm. longa, 13-22 cm. lata; supra viridis
vel atroviridis subnitens glabra vel minutissimis sparsissimis pilis
munita nervo medio anguste impresso puberulo, reliquis nervis obsole-
tis; subtus pallidior subglabra costa prominenti puberula, nervis
secundaris 8-9 utroque latere, parce prominulis patentibus marginem
versus reticulato-evanescentibus venulis delicatulis in reticulo visi-
bili, sparsissime puberula.
Inflorescentiae terminales et in ultimis axilliis foliorum, paniculas
plus minusve foliosas, plus minusve amplas formantes. Pedunculi
ramusculique ferruginei hirsuto-tomentosi bracteis lineari-lanceolatis
acutis tomentellis 5-2 mm. longis. Pedicelli 3-6 mm. longi teneres
rig id i erecti tomentelli aliquis bracteolis lanceolatis ciliatis m unit is
apicem versus 4-5 circa 2 mm. longis ad modum calyculum formantibus.
Capitula tubuloso-campanulata discoidea parva. Involucrum tubulosum
8 bracteis linearibus acutis 6 mm. longis 1-1.2 mm. latis pallidissime
viridulus glabris margine scariosis apice brevissime ciliolulatis.
F lores hermaphroditi tubulosi 12 in capitulo. Corollae albae glabrae
5-5.5 mm. longae, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi profunde
5-dentato. Antherae basi obtusiusculi. Stigmata truncata papilloso-
penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albus 4 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Los Fara-
llones, Quebrada de Las Nieves, paramos sobre la mina El Diamante,
3000-3120 m. alt., collect. 31-VII-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 21821. "Beju-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 27
co. Hoja verde brillante oscuro haz, claro enves. Involucre amarillo
verdoso blanquecino. Corola blanca." (F).
Cotype: Id. id. Los Farallones, filo de la Cordillera, extreme N en
cerro Alto del Buey, paramos 3500-3600 m. alt. collect. Oct. 1944
J. Cuatrecasas 17966. "Frutex bejucoso. Hoja semicoriacea, flex-
ible, verde grisacea clara, algunas rojas o con nervios rojizos. Invo-
lucro blanquecino verdoso. Corola blanca. E stigmas blancho amari-
llentos." (F).
S, diamantensis is related to S. arboreus (HBK) DC. and S. wein-
mannifolius Cuatr., but differs, among other characters, by its leaves
which are not reticulate. It can be separated from S. theaefolius
Benth. by the shape of its leaves and its tomentose branchlets.
Senecio antioquensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis scandentibus. Ramuli foliosi dense crasseque tomen-
tosi badi vel ferruginei.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata viridia, in sicco brunnescentia.
Petiolus circa 5 mm. longus mediocriter robustus, tomentosus basi
incrassatus. Lamina lanceolata basi late cuneata, apicem versus at-
tenuata acuta, margine integra irregulariter revoluta; 3.5-7 cm. longa,
12-25 mm. lata; supra nervo medio impresso leviter puberulo, reliqua
glabra nitens minute et prominule reticulato-venosa; subtus nervo
medio crasso prominenti tomentosi, nervis lateralibus 8-12 utroque
latere prominentibus patulis marginem versus furcatis evanescentibus
tomentulosis, reliquis venulis in reticulum anastomosatis plus minus-
ve tomentellis.
Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares foliorum superiorum panicu-
las foliosas elongatas formantes. Pedunculi ramuli pedicellique
tomentosi. Capitula cylindrica discoidea. Pedicelli 0-2 mm. longi.
Calyculus plerumque 5 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 1-1.6 mm. longis
acutis puberulo-ciliatis. Involucrum 8 bracteis lineari-oblongis sub-
obtusis, glabris apice breviter ciliolatis, margine anguste scariosis,
4-4.5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis. F lores tubulosi hermaphroditi plerum-
que 10, praeanthesi involucre valde breviores. Corollae albae 3.5
mm. longae glabrae tubulo 1.3 mm., limbo infundibuliformi dcntibus
profundis 0.7 mm. longis apice papillosulis. Antherae basi obtusae.
Stigmata truncata paulo papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus pilis
scabridis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia, San Pedro collect. Nov. 1937
Bro. Tomas Alberto 252. (US).
Cotypes: Antioquia: Jerico, collect. Dec. 1940, Hnos. Daniel &
Tomas 2688. "Semivoluble, 2-3 m. long." (US)
Antioquia: San Pedro, collect. De:. 1937, Hnos. Daniel
& Tomas 1471. "Flexible, semi-shrub, flo. white." (US, F).
S. antioquensis is close to S. tamaensis Cuatr. but differs by hav-
ing always a more or less dense tomentum on the lower side of the
28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
leaves, bracts, and calycle. The indumentum on the branchlets of the
inflorescence is thicker than in S. tamaensis which has glabrous
leaves and calycle. Furthermore, S. antioquensis has very short pedi-
cels often with subsessile flowers and short, thick petioles; before
a nth e sis, the flowers are much shorter than the involucre.
Senecio Archeri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens usque ad 10 met. longus. Kami terminales laeves
glabri viridi-pallidi.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata patentia glaberrima in sicco
brunneo-olivacea. Petiolus 10-15 mm. longus, angustus rigidus, supra
canaliculatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata, basi
obtuse cuneata apice acuminata valde acuta, margine paulo revoluta
minute arguteque denticulata dentibus callosis, 6-9 cm. longa 2-4 cm.
lata; supra costa depressa, nervis secundariis venulisque minute
reticulatis paulo depressis vel elevato-reticulatis; subtus costa ele-
vata, venulis graciliter reticulatis nervis secundariis ascendentibus
8-10 utroque latere paulo conspicioribus.
Inflorescentia terminalis panicula elongata basi foliosa. Axis ra-
mulique (2 cm. longi) paulo tomentelli, bracteolis linearibus brevibus.
Pedicelli puberuli 2-4 mm. longis aliquis bracteolis anguste lineari-
bus apice vix caliculum formantibus. Capitula discoidea. Involucrum
campanulatum 8 bracteis viridibus glabris ovatis apice acutis, 5 mm.
longis 2-3 mm. latis, margine scariosis. Flores tubulosi hermaphro-
diti 20. Corolla 6 mm. longa, glabra tubulo 2.5 mm. apice dentata.
Antherae basi caudatae. Stigmata obtusa truncata breviter papillosa.
Ovarium glabrum striatum. Pappus albidus 5-6 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: near Medelhn, collect. Febr.
1931, W. A. Archer 1581. "Climbing 30 ft. Corolla pale green.
Sepals shiny green, waxen." (US) (fragm.F). Other collection:
Antioquia: Santa Elena, collect. 12-28-30 W. A. Archer 1165. "Vine
10-30 ft." (US).
S. Archeri is one of those vines which resemble S. theaefolius
Benth. and S. tamaensis Cuatr. but is distinguished by being glab-
rous, by its rigid, long petiolate, minutely dentate leaves, its broad
campanulate involucre with broader bracts, and by its sagittate
anthers.
Senecio supernitens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis pallidis laevis glabris.
Folia alterna coriacea petiolata glaberrima utrinque valde nitida.
Petiolus 5-10 mm. longus supra sulcatus basi paulo incrassatus in
sicco nigrus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga utrinque attenuata, basi cune-
ata apice acuta, margine integerrima 7-9 cm. longa, 2.8-3.6 cm. lata,
supra costa impressa, nervis lateralibus paulo elevatis venulis promi-
nulis graciliter minuteque reticulatis; subtus costa crassa elevata in
sicco nigrescenti, nervis secundariis prominulis 7-8 utroque latere,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 29
ascendentibus arcuatis marginem versus anastomosantibus, venulis
minute reticulatis conspicuis.
Inf lore see ntia terminalis robusta corymboso-paniculata 12 cm. lata
axi ramulisque viridi-nigrescentibus breviter puberulis. Bracteae
lineari-lanceolatae 8-2 mm. longae sparse ciliato-puberulae. Pedi-
celli teneres 5-15 mm. longi erecti tomentelli 3-8 bracteolis parvis
muniti apice 3-4 bracteolis 1.5-2 mm. longis ad basim capituli parvum
calyculum formantibus. Capitula radiata. Involucrum tubuloso-
campanulatum 13-14 bracteis linearibus 5-6 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm.
latis glabris dorso viridibus margine scariosis apice acutiusculis
ciliolulatis. Flores feminei marginales ligulati 8-10, corolla lutea 10
ram. longa, tubulo 3 mm., lamina oblonga minute tridentata, 6 mm.
longa 2 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi; corolla lutea
glabra 6.5-7 mm. longa, tubulo 2.6 mm., limbo tubuloso-infundibuli-
forme, apice 5 dentato dentibus angustis 0.8 mm. longis; antherae
basi sagittatae; stigmata truncata breviter penicillata. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus alb us.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: Medellin, estacion experimental
"Tulio Ospina", collect. 3-8-1931 W. A. Archer 1652. "Climbing 15
ft.; fl. yellow, Ivs. learthy." (US), (fragm.F.)
S. supernitens is close to S. caliensis Cuatr., but differs from that
and other Climbing species from Colombia by its coriaceous leaves
which are finely reticulate and shiny on both sides. S. supernitens
has a greater number of involucral bracts which are narrower than
those of S. caliensis; the ligules are larger, the longer disc corollas
have a shorter tube and a longer tubulose limb with shorter teeth.
Senecio haticoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis divaricatis, extremis viridibus laevis nitidis
glaberrimis.
Folia alterna membranacea, crassiuscula petiolata viridia glaberri-
ma. Petiolus tenuis 5-10 mm. longis. Lamina ovoidea vel ovato-
oblonga basi obtuse cuneata, apice angustata acuta, margine laevis,
in sicco paulo revoluta utrinque laevis, supra nervo medio v.ix con-
spicuis, subtus costa prominula, nervis secundariis 4-5 utroque latere
curvati-ascendentibus tantum in sicco paulo visibilibus, 3-6 cm. long.
15-28 mm. latis j in ramis inferioribus ad 11 x 4.5 cm.
Inf lore scentiae paniculatae terrainales usque 20 cm. expansae basi
foliosae, ramis ascendentibus vel patulis glabris vel parce puberulis,
bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis 10-3 mm. longis glabris superioribus
angustissimis. Pedicelli 5-20 mm. longi, teneres rigidi vel paulo
flexuosi parce puberuli. Capitula radiata erecta. Calyculus obsole-
tus, tantum 1-3 bracteolis minutis apice pedice'li praeditus. Involu-
crum cylindricum 6-7 mm. longum, 8 bracteis lineari-oblongis glabris
vel parcissirae puberulis, apice acutiusculis ciliatis, 1.2-1.8 mm.
latis. Flores marginales 5 feminei ligulatae, corolla lutea 10 mm.
longa, tubulo capillari 4 mm. longo, ligula elliptico-oblonga 6 mm.
30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
longa 2 mm. lata apice minute bidentata. Flores centrales herma-
phroditi 10-12, corolla 8 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo, limbo tubu-
loso apice 5 dentato dentibus linearibus 1 mm. longis; antherae basi
sagittatae; stigmata truncata breviter penicillata. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus albidus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Norte de Santander. Western of Paramo del
Hatico en route from Toledo to Pamplona, alt. 2800-2900 m. edge of
woods, collect. March 13, 1927 E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 20735.
"Vine; rays yellow; florets orange." (US). (frag.F).
Cotypes: id. id.: Culaga Valley near Tapata (north of Toledo)
1500-2100 m., woods along stream, collect. E. P. Killip & A. C.
Smith 20488. "Herbaceous vine; rays and florets yellow." (US)
Id. id.: Paramo del Hatico, collect. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith
20581. (US).
Id. id.: Road from Pamplona to Toledo, crossing the divide be-
tween Rio La Teja and Rio Mesme, alt. 2800-3000 m.; dense woods;
coll. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 19872. "Woody vine; rays and
florets yellow". (US).
S, haticoensis is a very characteristic vine, the leaves of which
are presumably fleshy when fresh and smooth without visible nerves
coming off at an acute angle and scarcely perceptible when dry; the
lamina is acute at the apex and attenuated into a narrow petiole at
the base. The anthers are sagittate. Its smaller leaves and heads
distinguish it from S. nigellus Badillo.
Senecio Tomasianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex circa 3 met. altus, ramis laevibus vel paulo striatis glabris
vel parcissime minuteque puberulis.
Folia alterna membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus praecipue 15
mm. longus flexuosis supra sulcatus, basi paulo incrassatus. Lamina
elliptico-ob longa utrinque attenuata basi obtuse cuneata apice acuta,
margine integerrima in sicco paulo revoluta, 6.5-10 cm. longa, 2.6-3.5
cm. lata; supra tantum nervo medio signato reliqua levis; subtus costa
crasse prominenti, nervis secundariis leviter prominulis 6-7 utroque
latere ascendentibus marginem versus evanescenti-anastomosatis;
reliquis nervulis reticulatis obsoletis.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-paniculata circa 12 cm. lata,
basi foliosa. Ramuli ascendenti striolati plus minusve tomentelli,
bracteis linearibus acutis, 5-2 mm. longis. Capituli radiati cylindrici
elongati. Pedicelli 1-6 mm. longi. Calyculus 34 bracteolis brevibus
linearibus acutis 2-3 mm. longis parcissime puberulis. Involucrum
cylindricum 8-10 bracteis oblongis 7-7.5 ram. longis 1.5-3 mm. latis
dorso viridibus glabris basi puberulis margine scariosis apice acutius-
culis. Flores feminei 6-8 marginales ligulati 8-9 mm. longi, tubulo
filiform! 4.5 mm. longi, ligula elliptico-oblonga 3.5-4 mm. longa, 1
mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi circa 14, corolla
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 31
7.5 mm. longa tubulo angusto filiform! 4-4.5 mm. longi, limbo infundi-
buliformi 5 dentibus oblong is 1.5-2 mm. longis; antherae basi sagitta-
tae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: San Pedro, collect. Aug. 30,
1939 Bro. Tomas 595. "Shrub about 3 m. high, flowers yellow, wet
places." (US).
S. Tomas ianus is related to S. breviligulatus Hieron. but differs
substantially from that and other related species by its very close
bracts forming a long and tubular involucre which is somewhat con-
tracted below the apex. Its flowers are also typical, as the lower
part is long and filiform. The leaves are smooth on the upper side
but show obsolete secondary nerves on the lower side and are pre-
sumably fleshy when fresh.
Senecio Danielis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 2 met. alta, ramis terminalibus pendulis vel erectis viridi-
pallidis sublaevibus leviter striolatis glabris.
FoJia alterna membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus 5-7 mm.
longus plus minusve flexuosus supra sulcatus. Lamina elliptico-
oblonga utrinque attenuata basi obtuse cuneata apice acutata, mar-
gine integra, in sicco paulo revoluta, 3.5-5.5 cm. longa, 13-25 cm.
lata; supra costa impressa, reliqua laevis, nervulis obsoletis; subtus
costa eminenti nervis lateralibus 6-7 utroque latere leviter conspicuis
ascendentibus, nervulis obsoletis.
Panicula terminalis corymbosa vel subcorymbosa axis robustus
glanduloso-puberulus, ramulis striatis glanduloso-tomentellis vel
pubescentibus, bracteolis lanceolatis munitis. Pedicelli 6-20 mm.
longi mediocri vel robusti, erecti pubescentes. Calyculus 2-3 brac-
teolas lineares angustas parvas reductus. Involucrum campan.ulatum
12 bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis 1.5-1.8 mm. latis 5 mm. longis., dorso
viridibus puberulis vel glabratis, margine scariosis. Capitula radiata.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati, corolla 12-14 mm. longa, tubulo
filiformi 4 mm. longi, ligula anguste lineari 8-11 mm. longa 1.5 mm.
lata apice minute 3-denticulata 4-nervata. Flores centra les herma-
phroditi tubulosi, circa 40, corolla 6 mm. longa, tubulo 2.5 mm. longo,
limbo infundibuliformi apice profunde dentato; antherae basi sagitta-
tae; stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum striatum. Pappus
stramineo-albidus.
Type: Colombia, Antioquia: Paramo de Sonson, 2700-2850 m. col-
lect. Jan. 26, 1945 Bro. Daniel 3418. "Mas menos 2 met. Flores
amarillas." (US).
S. Danielis is close to S. elliptic if olius Hieron. and characterized
by its long and narrow ligules, its thicker leaves with scarcely vis-
ible nerves, shorter and thicker petiole, and a larger number of invo-
lucral bracts (12-13, instead of 7-8).
32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio Jahnii Cuacr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis terminalibus paulo s triads glabris.
Folia alterna subcoriacea crassiuscula in sicco obscura fragile
membranacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus tenuis plus minusve flexu-
osus 5-15 mm. longus. Lamina ovata basi rotundata vel obtusa apice
acutata subacuminata, margine integerrima, 3.5-9 cm. longa, 2.5-5.5
cm. lata, supra costa et 2 nervis lateralibus paulo conspicuis subtus
costa prominula 2 nervis lateralibus curvis ascendentibus cum mar-
gine parallelis conspicuis reliquis nervulis obliquis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae singulis corymbis subterminalibus in paniculam
subcorymbosam terminalem aggregatis. Capitula grandia radiata pedi-
cello 7-15 mm. longo, filiform! parcissime puberuli 1-3 bracteolis
linearibus secundum muniti. Calyculus 8-10 bracteolis linearibus
glabris vel leviter puberulis 5-10 mm. long is, 0.5-1 mm. latis, flexuo-
sis ad basim capkulum et subapicem pedicelli insertis conformatus.
Involucrum tubulosum 8 bracteis oblongis apice acutis, 12-13 mm.
longis 3 mm. latis, crassiusculis glabris dorso viridibus margine
stramineis. Flores marginales feminei radiati circa 5, corolla lutea
circa 20 mm. longa, tubulo angusto filiformi 10-11 mm. longo, ligula
9-10 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata. Flores centrales 8-10 hermaphroditi
corolla tubulosa 13 mm. longa basi abrupte dilatata apicero versus
tubuloso-infundibuliformi sine sensu ampliata, dentibus acutis 1.5
ram. longis. Antherae basi muticae. Stigmata subtruncata penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus a Ibid us 11 mm. longus.
Type: Venezuela: Rio Chico, Miranda, collect. May 30, 1923
Alfredo Jahn 1226. (US), (frag.F).
S. Jahnii is similar to S. cobrensis Cuatr. but differs from it by
larger heads, longer ligules (the tube being 10 mm. long and the
lamina comparatively narrow and long), larger and thicker disc corol-
las, and a calycle formed by a greater number of long and flexuose
bracts. In S. Jahnii the petiole of the leaves is shorter and, on the
under side of the lamina, two subbasal curved veins extend to the
apex. Several less conspicuous, spreading veins are present in S.
cobrensis. S. Jahnii has pubescent pedicels whereas S. cobrensis
has glabrous ones.
Senecio mamancanacanus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis terminal is lanato-arachnoideis.
Folia alterna coriacea leviter petiolata. Petiolus 2-3 mm. longus.
Lamina elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, basi obtusa apice paulo at-
tenuata subrotundata, margine integra paulo revoluta, 22-35 mm. longa
8-16 mm. lata; supra viridis in juvenilibus arachnoideo-lanuginosa
denique glabra; subtus dense tomentosa albicans; tantura nervo medio
utrinque conspicuis.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae terminales foliosae, singulis corymbis
oligocephalis in axillis foliorum superiorum dispositis, ramuli pedun-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 33
culi pedicellique crassiusculi flexuosi plus minusve albo sericeo-
lanati. Pedicelli 5-12 mm. long! 1-2 bracteas lineares 4-6 mm. longas
lanatas ferentes. Calyculus circa 14 bracteolis linearibus acutis
albo-lanatis, 5-7 mm. longis 2-3 seriatus instructus. Involucrum 20
bracteis oblongis apice acutis, 9.5 mm. longis 1.8-2.2 mm. latis mar-
gine scariosis dorso herbaceo arachnoideo lanato albicanti. Capitula
radiata. Receptaculum alveolatum 4 mm. diam. Flores marginales
feminei 20, ligulatae, corolla 14 mm. longa, tubulo filiformi 4 mm.
longo, lamina oblonga obtusa 9 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. lata apice minute
3-denticulata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi 100 vel ultra
in capitulo, corolla 6.5 mm. longa glabra, tubulo 2-6 mm. longo, limbo
tubuloso-ampliato. Antherae basi muticae. Kami stigmatici truncati
papillosuli. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus sericeus 6-7 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, upper Mamancanaca
Valley, south side of the major peaks, collect. March 1939 Cabot Ex-
pedition no. 6. (Gray Herb.) (frag.F).
S. mamancanacanus is related to the species of the Sect. Reflexus
and close to S. lingulatus (Schr.) Cuatt., but strikingly different in
view of its radiate heads.
Senecio Carrikeri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex, ramis terminalibus erectis viridulis glabris nitidis.
Folia alterna coriacea subsessilia viridia glaberrima. Petiolus 1-3
mm. longus basi incrassatus. Lamina lineari-lanceolata utrinque
angustata basi subcuneata apice subacuta rautica, margine integra in
sicco curvato-revoluta, 4-6 cm. longa 6.5-10 mm. lata; costa supra
impressa, subtus crassa eminent!; nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque
latere obsoletis.
Capitula discoidea. Inflorescentiae terminales corymboso-panicu-
latae, breves, 3-7 cm. latae basi foliosae omnes glaberrimae. Ramuli
teneres praecipue flexuosi breves, bracteolis linearibus acutis; spar-
sis muniti. Pedicelli 5-10 mm. longi, 1-2 bracteati. Calyculus 3-4
bracteolis 2-3 mm. longis linearibus acutis instructus. Involucrum
etiam glaberrimum 8-10 bracteis subcoriaceis, 5.5 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5
mm. latis, margine scariosis, dorso viridibus. Flores omnes tubulosi
circa 28 hermaphroditi, corolla 7 mm. longa, tubulo circa 3 mm. longo.
Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glab-
rum. Pappus albus.
Type: Colombia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; Rio Guatapuri
("Mitocua") alt. 10,500 ft., narrow, deep gulch running up mountain
side, about a mile above river, collect. March 29, 1946 M. A. Carriker
56. (US), (frag.F).
S. Carrikeri is closely related to S. pulchellus DC. but differs in
the shape of its leaves which are larger, subsessile and more attenu-
ate toward the tip, larger involucres, glabrous inflorescence, smooth
and more divaricate branchlets, and ascending leaves.
34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio cachacoensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis erectis griseis toraentulosis terminalibus tomentoso-
hirsutis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata copiosa. Petiolus circiter 5
mm. longus angustus hirsutulus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga oblanceo-
lata, apice obtusiuscula vel acutiuscula, basim in petiolum angustata
cuneata, margine repando crenato-dentata, in sicco plus minusve revo-
luta 3-3-5 cm. longa 9-19 mm. lata, utrinque viridis, supra glaberrima
nitida sublaevis, nervo medio paulo conspicuo; subtus costa promi-
nenti parce strigosa reliqua superficie glabra nervis lateralibus in-
conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis corymbosa basi foliosa 8-10 capitulis
longe pedicellatis, ramulis 1-3 floribus vel pedicellis, 1.5-2.5 cm.
longis tenuibus scrigoso-hirsutulis aliquis bracteolis linearibus acutis
2-4 ram. longis munitis. Capitula radiata erecta. Calyculus 1-3 brac-
teolis minutis. Involucrum campanulatum 13 bracteis 4.5 mm. longis,
glabris, apice acutis ciliatis, viridibus, interioribus margine scariosis.
Flores marginales feminei 8-12 ligulatae. Corolla lutea, tubulo an-
gusto glabro 3 mm. longo, lamina late oblonga 8-9 mm. longa, 2.5-3
mm. lata 7-nervata apice obtusiuscula minute 3-dentata. Flores cen-
trales hermaphroditi 16-18 tubulosi corolla lutea 6 mm. longa glabra
tubulo 2 mm. longo, limbo infundibuliformi apice 5-dentato, antheris
basi breviter caudatis, stigmatibus truncatis breviter penicillatis.
Ovarium glabrum pappus stramineus.
Type: Venezuela, Trujillo: Paramo de Cachaco, 3400-3700 m. alt.
collect. Nov. 7, 1927, Christ 85 (US).
S. cachacoensis, being shrubby and radiate, is characterized by its
elongate, smooth leaves, its tomentose-hirsute branchlets and certain
features of the heads and flowers. Because of the shape of the leaf
and inflorescence it is related to S. polymerus Klatt but differs from
that species by the indumentum and head structure. From S. venezu-
e lens is Sandwith ( - S. mucuyanus Cuatr.) it is easily separable by
its smaller, narrower leaves with a midrib which is strigulose on the
lower side, as well as the smaller and differently arranged head.
SENECIO FLORIBUNDUS Sch. Bip. ex Hieronymus, Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
29: 69 (1900)
This species is not synonymous with Vernonia floribunda as claimed
by Hieronymus. The type must be the plant cited by Hieronymus at
the end of its original description: Sodiro 59/19.
Field Museum photograph 15588 shows a sheet of the Willdenow
Herbarium in Berlin with the following quotation: "Ex Herb. Kunth
Cacalia floribunda. Ex Herb. Bonpl. "; another sheet annotated by
Hieronymus reads: "Senecio floribundus (Kunth) Sch. Bip. manuscr.
in Herb. Willds. no. 15073 syn. Vernonia floribunda Kunth, Humb.
Bonpl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. IV p. 38 (30).
Schultz Bipontinus and Hieronymus thought that this plant was the
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 35
type of Vernonia f lor ib undo and therefore Hieronymus wrote: "Spe-
cies a Kunthio errore generi Vernoniae associata et male descripta
..." (I.e.). Schultz B. made the transfer and Hieronymus published
the new combination followed by a complete description based on So-
diro's specimens.
Field Museum photograph 37325 shows the type of Vernonia flori-
b undo HBK from the Herbarium Bonpland preserved in Paris and
proofs that Kunth was right in considering the plant a Vernonia.
This species must be retained, whereas the plant from Berlin belongs
to Senecio floribundus, a name which must be considered valid for a
different species rather than used for the combination made by Hier-
onymus. Similar cases of confusion in taxonomy have resulted from
having accepted plants from the Willdenow Herbarium as isotypes of
Kunth without their being such. See Culcitium ledifolium in Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 47.
SENECIO POLYMERUS Klatt, Abhandl. Natur. Gese 11. Halle 15: 332(1882).
. S. sancti-sebastiani Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1941: 227 (1942).
Colombia: Funk 505 one leaf in Herb. Ch. Nat. Hist. Mus. (frag-
ment from Herb, in Vienna) and Photo 33329 from the specimen in
Vienna. It only has the annotation "Venezuela".
Cabot 2, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: Upper Mamancanaca Valley,
south side of the major peaks, 9500 ft. Herb 10-14 inches tall (Gray
Herb.). Cabot 3 (Id. id.) (Gray Herb.).
Apolinar Angel 653: Dept. Magdalena. Near rio Chinchina, between
Pueblo Bello and San Sebastian, 2000 met. alt. (US.)
These specimens agree with the detailed description given by
Sandwith except for minor differences in the measurements of heads
and flowers and a certain amount of polymorphism. S. polymerus is
well characterized by the arachnoid-membranaceous indument on its
branchlets and leaves; this feature and the form of its leaves and In-
florescence enabled me to identify these plants with Funk 505 which
in the Vienna Herbarium bears the name of S. polymerus Klatt. How-
ever, the type of this species is Funk 297 ("Caracas") which I have
not seen, but it may be supposed that whoever named the first number
checked it with the type. Klatt's description is incomplete and the
indument is described as "incano-tomentoso". However, the two
Funk specimens must have been collected in the same region and not
in "Caracas(( (Venezuela) as stated in Klatt's publication. I have
seen several specimens of Funk with numbers about 300 to 500 which
were collected in Colombia, in the Sierra de Santa Marta. The error
is due to a mistake in labelling many sheets of Funk and Schlim, on
which one can read "Sierra Nevada de Sta. Marta, Caracas". (See for
example Field Museum Photographs 28637, 28638 and 28639, Diplo-
stephium anactinotum, cyparissias, and microphyllum, respectively.)
Klatt who surely knew nothing about the Geography of northern South
36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
America, gives as the locality for his S, polymerus "Caracas". This
plant belongs to the flora of Colombia and must not be listed for that
of Venezuela. The same error in labelling was apparently noticed by
Mez in his discussion of Stylogyne turbacensis (Pflanzenreich IV.
236: 270), in which he questioned "Caracas" as the actual locality.
I am convinced that the specimens Funk 297 and 505 belong to the
series from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta labelled with the errone-
ous addition of "Caracas".
SENECIO CANESCENS (H. et B.) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 43
Culcitium canescens H. et B., PL Aeq. 2: 44
C ulcitium rufescens H. et B., PL Aeq. 2: 41
Senecio rufescens Cuatr., no HBK, Fieldiana Bot. 27: 45
No specific differences exist between the plants described by Hum-
boldt as Culcitium rufescens and C. canescens and by me as C*
boyacense. However, several geographical varieties can be dis-
tinguished. The reddish color of the plant given by Humboldt and
Bonpland as characteristic of their species is not very consistent;
white plants can become reddish on drying, thus desiccation may in-
fluence color. In my opinion the following specimens belong to the
typical form of this species:
Bonpland 3049: Peru (fragment from the Paris Herbar in F.)
Macbride & Featherstone: Peru, Huarapasca 16,500 feet (Us, F.)
Carriker: Peru, Libertad, Quirivilea (US, F.)
Killip & Smith 22062: Peru, Junfn, near Huancayo 4700 m. (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. boyacensis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., nov. status
Culcitium boyacense Cuatr., Caldasia I: 5
Senecio boyacensis Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 43
This variety includes all forms from the Oriental Cordillera of
Colombia with soft, long leaves, rather large heads, and thick indu-
mentum. Cuatr. 1372, Cuatr. & Garcia 1372 (Cocuy) (US, F, HNC),
Cuatr. & Garcia (Almorzadero) (F, US, HNC), Cuatr. 13528 (Almorza-
dero) (F, US, HNC), Arist. Joseph B-73 (hacia Suraapaz) (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. macrocephalus Cuatr., nov. var.
Capitula magna, 6-8 cm. lata, receptaculo circa 4 cm. lato. Folia
radicalia valde crassa late elliptico-lanceolata basi breviter attenu-
ata, costa crassa robusta, 15-24 cm. longa, 3.5-6 cm. lata.
Type: Colombia, Dept. Caldas, Nevado de Santa Isabel arenales
4420 m. alt., collect. J. Cuatrecasas 23208 (F).
This variety is found in the Cordillera Central of Colombia on the
paramos of Ruiz (Rovira 2, F.; Pennell 3030, NY, US; Dawe 767 NY,
US; Chardon 5025, US; Daniel 2088, F; Pennell & Hazen 9893, NY,
US; Cuatrecasas 9259.HNC, F), Purace'(Sneidern 1942, NY, F), Huila
(Pittier 1012, 1015, 1016, US, F.).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-H 37
SENECIO CANESCENS var. elongatus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia longiora basira versus longe attenuata, nervis conspicuis.
Inflorescentia ramosa. Capitula 4.5-5 cm. diam.
Type: Ecuador, Carchi: Pa'ramo del Angel, 3300-3800 m. alt.,
collect. Acosta -Sohs 10562 (F.)
This variety is limited to the paramos near the boundary between
southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Other specimens seen are:
Garganta 421 (Lagune de Cumbal), Royo Gomez (Nevado del Cumbal);
Ecuador: Mexia 7508 (Carchi, US), Hitchcock 20911 (Tulcan, US),
Heinrich 659 (Pa'ramo del Angel, NY).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. ELONGATUS fma. magnificus Cuatr., nov. fma.
Planta elata polycephala, capitulis magnis. .
Type: Ecuador, Carchi, Paramo del Angel 12,000 ft., collect.
Edward Balls 7337 (US).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. ecuadoriensis Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia radicalia elongato-elliptica utrinque angustata, crassa, ner-
vis secundariis inconspicuis, capitulis solitariis vel paucis, medio-
cribus vel grandis, praecipue 5-6 cm. lat. Lana copiosa, in sicco
rufescens.
Type: Ecuador, Monte Pichincha near Quito 4100-4500 m., collect.
Hitchcock 21059 (US, NY).
Other specimens are: Pichincha (Mille 717, NY, US; Andre 176 and
3894, NY, F; Couthony, NY), Chimborazo (Hitchcock 21966, NY, US;
Rimbach 93, US), Imbabura (Penland & Summers 796. F). Corazon
(Andre 3780, NY), And. Quk. (Jameson 228, US, NY: USDA?, US;
Herb. Gray, NY).
This variety of the central Andes of Ecuador is close to var. macro-
cephalus but differs by its smaller, narrower leaves with longer
petioles but without the conspicuous nerves characteristic of the
Colombian variety; the heads are smaller (receptacle 3 cm. broad
or less).
SENECIO CANESCENS var. monocephalus (Wedd.) Cuatr., nov. status
Culcitium canescens var. monocephalum Weddell Chi. And. I: 138.
It is probable that this variety corresponds to a complex of Peruvian
forms of Culcitium rufescens whose type is not clear to me and the
descriptions of which (including the original one) may have been
made from a mixture of Peruvian and Ecuadorian specimens.
Bolivia: Alaska Mine (Tate 66, NY), Larecaja vie. Sorata (Mandon
149, NY, F), Bang 1900 (NY, US). Peru: Paucartambo Valley (Her-
rera 1094, US, NY), Panticalla Pass (Cook & Gilbert 1884, US).
38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio meridanus Cuatr., nom. nov.
Senecio Steyermarkii Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 32 (June 1950), not
S.Steyermarkii Greenman, Ceiba I: 124 (Apr. 1950). — Gynoxis verrucosa
Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cien. Nat. 10: 312 (1946), not Gynoxys
verrucosa Weddell, Chi. And. I: 77 (1855).
Senecio quitensis Cuatr., nom. nov.
Culcitium pichinchense Cuatr., An. Univ. Madrid 4: 215 (1935).
Senecio pichinchens is (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44 (1950).
The last name is a later homonym of Senecio pichinchens is Greenm.
(1938), a valid name according to the latest rules of Nomenclature.
Therefore my name for this species, S. vulcanopichis, is superfluous.
Senecio superandinus Cuatr., nom. nov.
Culcitium reflexum HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. Plant. IV: 171 (1820).
Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44, no Senecio
reflexus HBK (1820. Culcitium ovatum (Schlechter) Blake, Lasio-
cephalus ovatus Schlecht. Culcitium uniflorum Hieron.
I have seen many specimens of this high andean plant, which is
well represented in the herbaria of USNM, NY Bot. Garden and Chi-
cago Nat. Hist. Mus., chiefly from the volcanos Pichincha, Antisana
and Chimborazo.
SENECIO REFLEXUS HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. IV: 182 (1820).
This is a valid name for a plant of which I have not seen type mate-
rial. Senecio semidentatus Klatt and its varieties (like var. Kluggii
Green.) must be very close to this species, and they are possibly
synonymous. Senecio re flexifolius Cuatr. is a superfluous name for
this species. Senecio reflexus (HBK) Cuatr., not HBK, (Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 44) is illegitimate as a latter homonym.
SENECIO GILLIESI I Hook & Arn., Journ. of Bot. Ill: 343 (1841).
Culcitium Poeppigii DC., Cacalia candicans Poepp. ex DC. pro
synon. Senecio Poeppiggii (DC) Wedd., Chi. And. I: 118. Senecio
Ppeppigii (DC) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44, not S. Poeppigi Hook et
Am. Culcitium Gillies it (Hook. & Arn.) Spegazzini. Culcitium denta-
tum D., Don ex Hook, pro synon. — The identification Culcitium Poep-
piggii DC. with Senecio Gillie sii Hook & Arn. was made by Cabrera
(Lilloa 15: 50).
SENECIO POEPPIGI I Hook & Arn., Journ. of Bot. HI: 342 (1841).
Culcitium candidum Don. ex Hook, et Arn. pro synon. Senecio Don-
candidus Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27: 44. The latter is superfluous.
Not S. Poeppigii (DC) Wedd. and S. Poeppigii (DC) Cuatr., later ille-
titimate homonyn.
SENECIO CANDIDANS DC., Prodr. VI.
Culcitium Gayanum Remy. Senecio Culciremyi Cuatr., Fieldiana
Bot. 27: 43 (1950).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 39
The following specimens were examined: Gregory Bay, Straits of
Magulau (Leslie A. Lee 18-88); Tierra de Fuego, literal near Rio
Grande 2-4 m. alt. (Y. Mexia 7909); Puma Arenas, Patagonia (Feic.
1883); Sandy Point (Lechler 1247). Photograph of the type of S. can-
didans in Paris phot, of type of Culcitium Gayanum Remy in Paris;
fragments from this type in Paris.
The synonymy of C. Gayanum with Senecio eandidans DC., pro-
posed by Weddell, was recently adopted by L. A. Cabrera, well known
specialist in the genus (Lilloa 15: 52).
SENECIO CULCITENELLUS Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:43 (1950).
Culcitium tenellum Dusen, Culcitium sessile Speg., Senecio neo-
sessilis Cuatr. Fieldiana Bot. 27:44. Senecio santacrucensis Cab-
rera, Notas del Museo de La Plata Bot. 75:103 (1950).
In my former publication I gave names in the genus Senecio to both
Culcitium tenellum and C. sessile, but recently Cabrera stated that
they are the same species.
SENECIO WEDGLACIAL is Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:45 (1950).
Senecio glacialis Wedd. is invalidated by the earlier homonym
S. glacialis Sch. Bip., Flora 28:498 (1845) (Doronicum glaciale Ny-
man).
Senecio glacialis (Meyen & Walp) Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:44 is
also a later homonym and therefore a superfluous name. I am not giv-
ing a new name to Culcitium glaciale Mayen & Walp, because it is
possible that it has already a synonym in the genus Senecio. I have
not seen the type material.
SENECIO SODIROI Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29:73 (1900).
This name is satisfactory for this species, eliminating S. Sodirs can-
dens Cuatr. (Fieldiana Bot. 27:45). Senecio Sodiroi (Hieron.) Cuatr.
(Fieldiana Bot. 27:45) given to Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron., is an in-
valid later homonym. I now regard Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron.. as a
simple form of Senecio culciklatii Cuatr. (Culcitium peruvianum
Klatt).
SENECIO RUFESCENS DC. Prodr. VI:413 (1837).
A valid name, of which the later homonym S. rufescens (H. & B.)
Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:45, must be rejected. For the same reason
S. austrorufescens Cuatr. I.e. is also superfluous.
SENECIO VAGINAEFOLIUS Sch. Bip.
Culcitium dasyphyllum Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. DC:27; Senecio
dasyphyllus Cuatr., Fieldiana Bot. 27:43.
Cabrera proved that this form is identical with Gandoger's species.
Senecio leucophorbius Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, rhizomate obliquo, caule fertili erectus 25 cm.
40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
longus parce folioso, basi foliis radicalibus copiosis fascicularis.
Folia radicalia crasse subcoriacea, lamina lineari valde elongata
20-25 cm. longa, 9-14 mm. lata, apice obtusa basim versus sine sensu
paulum angustata, basi in longam vaginam scariosam 6 cm. longam
1.6 cm. latam ampliata, margine crassiusculo piano vel parce revo-
luto; supra albo-lanata tomento compressiusculo nervo medio albiori
visibili; subtus dense crasseque albo-lanata costa crassa, nervis
lateralibus prominulis ascendentibus subparallelis conspicuis.
Caulis floriferus dense albo-lanato-tomentosus folia basilaria
aequilongus, aliquis foliis sessilibus radicalia similibus munita.
Inflorescentia terminalis subcorymboso-paniculata polycephala circa
8-9 cm. ampla, basi bracteato-foliosa, 13-14 capitulis discoideis
breviter pedunculatis congestis. Pedunculi vel ramusculi 1-5 cm.
longi. Calyculus pluribracteatus, bracteolis lineari-subulatis basi
lanatis. Involucrum hemisphaericum circa 21 bracteis linearibus 12
mm. longis, 2 mm. latis subbiseriatis glabris vel tantum basi lanugi-
nosis. Capitula homogama circa 2-2.5 cm. diam. ultra 400 floribus.
Corolla 9 mm. longa, tubulo 4-4.5 mm. limbo tubuloso 5-dentato, denti-
bus 0.5 mm. profundis. Antherae basi obtusiusculae. Stigmata trun-
cata papilloso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 8 mm. longus
ochraceus.
Type: Peru, prov. Pallasca, Dept. Ancash, Cordillera de Pelaga-
tos 4450 m. alt. collect. A. Weberbauer 7241 (F).
5. leucophorbius belongs to Sect. Culcitium and is close to S. niva-
lis (HBK) Cuatr., but differs from that species by being larger and
having longer, thicker leaves with prominent veins on the lower side,
stronger stalk which is shorter than the leaves, the multi-headed in-
florescence, larger heads, fewer and broader involucral bracts, and
poorer calycle. From S. Haenkeanus Cuatr. it differs particularly by
its glabrous involucre.
Senecio mitonis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba caule basi reptante radiciferi tenui, parte foliosa subscaposa
ere eta.
Folia inferiora pauca subrosulata, petiolata. Lamina crassa ovata
vel elliptica basi truncata vel obtusa apice deltoides margine crenato-
dentata revoluta, 2.5-4.5 cm. longa, 14-24 mm. lata, supra laevis
pallido-viridis nervo medio depresso arachnoideo excepto glabra; sub-
tus dense cinereo lanata tantum costa crassa eminenti conspicua.
Petiolus 1.5-3 cm. longus rigidus supra sulcatus, arachnoideo tomen-
tosus, basi longe lateque vaginatus, vagina petioloque postmortem
fibrosis plus minusve persistentibus. Caulis gracilis erectus simplex
20-40 cm. longus araneoso-lanatus indumento plus minusve deciduo,
basim versus 1-2 foliis sessilibus elliptico-lanceolatis, parte media
superior ique tantum 1-3 foliolis bracteiformibus linearibus praeditus,
apice 2-3 capitulos discoideos nutantes ferens.
Involucrum hemisphaericum circa 22 bracteis lanceolatis 6 mm.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 41
longis 1-2.2 mm. latis plus minusve violaceis parce arachnoideis vel
glabris. Calyculus aliquis bracteis linearibus acutis valde minoribus
conformatus. Floras omnes tubulosi hermaphioditi ultra 60 in capitu-
lo. Corolla lutea glabra 6-7 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm. longo basi valde
dilatato excepto capillari, limbo tubuloso campanulato apice 5-dentato
dentibus 0.5 mm. purpurascentibus. Antherae basi obtusiusculae.
Stigmata truncata dense papilloso-penicillata. Stylus basi incrassato-
bulbosus, bulbo 0.4 mm. longus pedicellatus pediculo 0.3 mm. longo.
Achaenia glabra 2 mm. longa. Pappus pilis biseriatis sericeis quam
corolla brevioribus.
Type: Peru: Mito, 9,000 ft. alt. Deep grasses of Western slopes,
July-Aug. 1922, collect. Macbride & Featherstone 1807. (US).
S. mitonis is characterized by its petiolate, thick leaves which are
c re nate -dentate and densely tomentose on the lower side; it has few,
small heads, a bulbous, pedicellate style, and a broad base of the
corolla. These features differentiate it from S, homogynoides Klatt
and related species.
Senecio Feathers tonei Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex caule rhizomatoso, ramis aereis erectis foliatis ad 20 cm.
altis, dense floccoso-lanatis cinereis.
Folia alterna sessilia lineari-lanceolata apice acuta basi rotundato-
auriculata amplectentia, margine integra revoluta, utrinque lanato-
tomentosa supra cinerea subtus albida, 10-14 mm. longa, 2-2.5 mm.
lata.
Capitula discoidea 4-5 in corymbos terminales disposita. Pedi-
celli erecti 8-18 mm. longi albo-cinereo-tomentosi. Calyculus plurimis
bracteolis anguste linearibus acutis pluriseriatis imbricatis 3-4 mm.
longis 0.5 mm. latis, extus lanatis sed apicem glabratis fuscescenti-
bus. Involucrum conic o-hemisphaericum circa 20 bracteis lineari-
lanceolatis 6 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis extus lanatis apicem violas-
centibus, apice ciliatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi circa
80 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 6.2 mm. longa, tubulo angustior 2 mm.
longo limbo tubuloso-infundibuliformi dentibus papillosis acutis 0.4
mm. longis. Antherae basi obtusae. Stylus basi hemisphaerico-
bulbosus. Stigmata apice truncata incrassata breviter penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albus sericeus 4-5 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Mito 10,000 ft., grassland rock outcrop. Yellow,
collect. Macbride & Featherstone 1903 (US.)
S. Feathers one i is easily distinguished from the other species of
Sect. Xero-senecio Cabrera.
Senecio Weberbaueri Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis fistulosis erectis striolatis, in sicco badiis, valde
foliosis. Planta tota glabra.
Folia alterna copiosa suberecta, angustissime linear ia aciculata,
42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
rigida vel paulo flexuosa, 4-11 cm. longa, praecipue 1 ram. lata vel
usque ad 2 mm. lata, basi paulo vaginato-ampliata, supra laevis teres,
subtus nervo medio prominent! marginibus paulo revolutis.
Inflorescentia corymbiformi-paniculata terminalis multiflora, 8-15
cm. longa et lata. Ramuli tenues rigid! erect! 4-12 cm. long!, folios!,
foliis aciculari-linearibus tenuibus ad 1 cm. longis muniti, apicem
plurimis pedicellis gracilibus rectis vel paulo flexuosis parce brac-
teolatis, 1-4 cm. longis, coryrabiforme dispositis. Bracteolae anguste
lineares acutae circa 2 mm. longae, apice pedicello 8-10 glomeratae
calyculum formantes. Capitula erecta heterogama. Involucrum hemi-
sphaericum 14-15 bracteis ad 5 mm. longis, exterioribus linearibus
1-1.2 mm. latis, interioribus lanceolatis ad 2 ram. latis, margine late
scariosis dorso herbaceo in sicco fusco in omnibus apice acuto fusco.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati 6-7, corolla lutea glabra tubulo 2.2
mm. longo, lamina elliptica 2.5 mm. longa 1.2 mm. lata apice triden-
tata. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubulosi 45-50, corolla 4-4.5 mm.
longa glabra tubulo 1.5 mm. longo basi abrupte dilatato apice 5-
dentati. Antherae basi obtusae; filamenta sub insertionem antherae
incrassata. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Achaenia 2.2 mm. longa
dense breviterque villosa. Pappus sordide albidus corollae longitu-
dine. Receptaculum conicum.
Type: Peru: Rio de Comas, 2300-2400 m. alt., collect. A. Weber-
bauer 6618 (F. type, US isotype).
S. Weberbaueri is related to S. abietinus (HBK) DC. and S. Lindenii
Sch. Bip., both Colombian species, but can easily be distinguished
from them by its longer, less rigid leaves, the structure of its invo-
lucre, its densely villose achaenes, and its heterogaray.
Senecio cano-purpureus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex robusta ad 60 cm. alta rami robusti dichotorai ascendenti-
divaricati cortice ruguloso-pallido arachnoideo lanato deinde glabrato.
Folia alterna sessilia linearia obtusa basi angustata, integra vel
saepe tertio superiore dente triangular! utroque latere, margine revo-
luta 8-12 mm. longa, 1.5-3.5 mm. lata, valde juvenilia utrinque albo-
lanata, adultiora supra viridia paulo arachnoidea subtus lanato-
tomentosa.
Capitula homogama ramos hornotinos terminales rigidos patentes
3-7 cm. longos breviter foliosos solitaria desinentia. Calyculus 8-10
bracteis lineari-oblongis 2-4 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis obtusis apice
atropurpureis, reliquis albo-arachnoideo lanatis, plerumque biseriatis
ad involucrum adpressis. Involucrum 13 bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis
6.5' mm. longis 2 mm. latis dorso lanatis margine scariosis apice
plerumque purpureo maculatis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi ultra 42,
corolla 6 ram. longa infra lutescens tubulo angustissimo 1.8 mm. longo
sed basi abrupte dilatato, limbo sursum purpurascenti tubuloso denti-
bus 0.5 mm. Antherae basi obtusiusculae. Stylus basi hemisphaerico-
dilatatus, crasseque pedicellatus. Stigmata truncata papillosa.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 43
Achaenia 2 mm. longa minute papilloso-pilosa. Pappus albus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Junin: near Huancayo, 3300-3500 m., open
rocky hillside. Suffrutescent herb, up to 2 ft., florets purplish (wither-
ed). Collect. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 22131 (US).
S. cano-purpureus is a striking plant with its dichotomous, divari-
cate branchlets, the younger ones of which are white floccose like
the leaves. Furthermore, the upper part of the corollas is purplish
and the calycle is formed by two series of imbricate bracts the inner
one of which is higher than the middle of the involucre. The invo-
lucre looks pluriseriate and the purple spots at the top of the phylla-
ries stand out against the white background of the head. This species
belongs to Sect. Sufrutecius Cabr., possibly its subsect. Candidi
Cabr.
Senecio incaicus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 69 cm. altus basi ramosus plus minusve intricatus ramis
cicatricosis griseis puberulis squamoso-decorticantibus. Kami horno-
tini ascendentibus vel erectis lanato-arachnoideis denique glabratis.
Folia alterna crassiuscula sessilia, anguste obovato-oblonga vel
oblanceolata basim versus valde attenuata apice acuta, margine 1-2
dentibus utroque latere triangularibus acutis, plus minusve profundis,
10-20 mm. longa 1.5-5 mm. lata; margine revoluta; supra pallido-
viridia glabra nervo medio impresso; subtus dense albo-lanato-tomen-
tosa, nervo medio prominuli.
Capitula solitaria ramulos terminantia, erecta. Ramuli fertiles
usque ad pattern altam foliosi sed sursum denudati, tantum paucas
bracteolas angustissime lineares ferentes. Alterae bracteolae 7-9 ad
basim capitulum ad instar calyculum lanatum aggregatae. Involucrum
cylindro-campanulatum praecipuae 13 bracteis elliptico-oblongis
apice lanceolatis viridibus glabris maigine scariosis apice puberu-
lis. Flores marginales feminei ligulati 10-12, corolla lutea tubulo 5
mm. longo, angusto, lamina oblonga 5-nervata 10 mm. longa 2-2.5 nun.
lata, apice obtusa 2-3 dentata. Flores centrales hermaphroditi nume-
rosi, corolla lutea 6.5 mm. longa, tubulo 2.5 mm. Antherae basi ob-
tusae. Stigmata truncata breviter penicillato-coronata et piloso
caudata. Achaenia pubescentia 2.5 mm. longa. Pappus strainineus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Lima: Rib Blanco, 3000-3500 m. alt. open
hillside. Shrub 1-2 ft.; rays yellow, florets greenish yellow. Collect.
E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 21699 (US).
Cotype: Peru: Matucana, 8,000 ft. Rocky summit. Fls. yellow,
collect. Macbride & Featherstone 418. (US.)
Other specimen: Peru: Rio Blanco, 12,000 ft. Dense clumps or
mats on decaying rock outcrops 4-12 in. high, collect. Macbride &
Featherstone 691. (US.)
S. incaicus is distinguished from related species by being i low
shrub with narrow, incised leaves which are glabrous on the upper-
44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
side and tomentose on the lower, the filiform bracts of its calycle,
and the structure and size of its heads which are solitary and radiate.
It belongs to Sect. Sufrutecius Cabr., Subsect. Subincani Cabr.
Senecio chachaniensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex ramis basi repentes extremis erectis, pallide viridibus
glabris dense foliosis.
Folia alterna sessilia glabra viridia anguste linearia crassiuscula
basi paulo latiora apice acutissima pungentia, 8-14 mm. longa 1-1.5
mm. lata.
Capitula homogama in ramusculis lateralibus horizontalibus folio-
sis terminalia solitaria. Calyculus 3-4 bracteolis linearibus brevibus
conformatus. Involucrum campanulatum 10-11 bracteis oblongis 6-7
mm. longis 1-2 mm. latis apice acutis ciliatis margine scariosis dorso
glabris bursis resiniferis longitudinalibus praeditis. Flores circa 18
omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi, corolla lutea 8 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm.
longo, limbo tubuloso 5 dentibus 0.5 mm. profundis. Antherae basi
obtusiusculae. Stigmata truncata penicillato-papillosa. Ovarium
pubescente. Pappus sordidus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Arequipa, Nevado de Chachani, rocky slopes,
alt. 3900-4100 m. Shrub 1 m. tall. Flowers yellow. Collect. Apr.
1925 F. W. Pennell 13285. (US.)
S. chachaniensis is related to S. nutans Sch. Bip. and S. graveolens
Wedd. but differs from both by its linear, narrow, longer, and entire
leaves. I think that S. nutans Sch. Bip. and S. graveolens probably
belong to the same species.
Senecio neoglandulosus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 60-80 cm. alta ramis paulo striatis sub-erectis, dense
hirsuto-glandulosis, valde adherentibus.
Folia alterna sessilia griseo-viridia, lineari-oblonga, basi auricu-
lata amplectantia apice paulo attenuata obtusiuscula, margine integra
revoluta, supra costa paulo conspicua subtus prominenti, utrinque
hirsutulo-glandulosa, 2.5-5 cm. longa, 2-4 mm. lata.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae terminales multiflorae, folio-
sae foliis sursum decrescentibus sine sensum in bracteas commuta-
tas. Pedicelli erecti teneres sed rigidi 1-2 cm. longus glandulosi
paulo bracteati bracteis anguste linearibus 3-5 mm. longis hirto-
glandulosis. Calyculus 5-7 bracteolis instructus. Involucrum campa-
nulatum 13 bracteis oblongis apice acutis, margine scariosis dorso
viridi dense hirsutulo-glanduloso, 9 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis.
Capitula radiata suberecta. Flores marginales feminei ligulati circa
12, corolla lutea tubulo angustissimo 4.5-5 mm. longo, lamina oblonga
5 mm. longa 1.8 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi circa 34, corol-
la anguste tubulosa lutea 6-7 mm. longa, tubulo filiformi 2-2.5 mm.
longo, limbo angusto tubuloso apice 5-dentato. Antherae base brevi-
ter obtuseque appendiculatae. Stylus basi bulbosus. Stigmata trun-
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 45
cata papillosa. Achaenia 3 mm. longa, striata pubescentia.
Type: Peru: Chinchapalca (5 miles above Mito), 9500 ft. alt.
Sunny grassy slopes. Very sticky. Fls. yellow. Collect. July 1922
Macbride & Featherstone 1597. (US.)
S. neoglandulos us is close to S. saxicolus Wedd. from which spe-
cies it differs by its larger inflorescence, smaller heads, the presence
of more glands, and entire, larger leaves.
Senecio Llewelynii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis erectis paulo angulosis, parce puberulis.
Folia alterna breviter petiolata (superne fertilia sessilia) crassius-
cule membranacea utrinque glabra viridia. Petiolus 3-7 mm. longus,
crassiusculus, supra planus vel sulcatus subtus teres basim ampliato-
vaginantus. Lamina elliptico-oblongo-lanceolata, apice angustata
acutissima, basi paulo attenuata subcordata vel subtruncato-rotundata,
margine s errata dentibus acutis mucronulatis callosis, 11-14 cm.
longa, 2.5-4 cm. lata; supra costa conspicua nervis nervulisque fili-
forme prominulis, subtus costa elevata nervis secundariis curvato-
ascendentibus bene conspicuis 15-18 utroque latere, venulis in minu-
tum prominulum reticulum anastomosantibus.
Inf lore see ntia terminalis floribunda panic ulata corymbiformis, ramu-
lis robustis ascendentibus paulo puberulis, duobus inferioribus ad
axillas superiorum foliorum nascentibus, copiosa folia lanceolata
breviora bracteiformia, sursum decrescentia ferentibus, 6-1 cm. longa,
20-2 mm. lata. Pedicelli angusti puberuli bracteolati 1-3 cm. longi.
Calyculus praecipue 3 bracteolis linearibus angustissimis involucrum
aequilongis. Involucrum 13 bracteis oblongis apice abrupte acutatis
6.5 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso glabro viridi
apice puberulo. Capitula erecta radiata. Flores marginales feminei
ligulatae 10-12, tubulo angusto 10 mm. longo, lamina oblonga circa 9
mm. longa 2.5 mm. lata 4-nervata, lutea, subtus pallidior. Flores dis-
ci tubulosi hermaphroditi circa 30, corolla lutea 7 mm. longa tubulo
angusto 2.8-3 mm. limbo infundibuliformi apice profunde dentato.
Antherae basi rotundatae. Stigmata truncata paulo pilosa. Achaenia
glabra. Pappus sordide albus 7 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Central Cordilleras of the Andes, Dept. Amazonas.
La Jalca, Chachapoyas, Mojabamba, collect. Jan. 1930, Llewelyn
Williams 7589. (F)
S. Llewelynii is related to S. castanaefolius DC., but is dis-
tinguished from that species by its short petioles, the two superior
leaves being sessile at the base of the inflorescence, and the rotun-
date or emarginate base of its leaves.
Senecio huanuconus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis robustis striatis dense ferrugineo-tomentosis.
Folia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 5-7 mm. longus crass ius-
46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
culus dense tomentosus. Lamina elliptic o-ovata basi subcordata vel
rotundata apice abrupte acutata mucronulata raro obtusiuscula, mar-
gine visu integra sed saepe dentibus minutis callosis repandis subtus
conspicuis, 4.5-7 cm. longa, 2.5-3.8 cm. lata; supra adulta nervo
medio tomentoso excepto glabra nitida nervis secundariis nervulisque
reticulatis prominulis; subtus dense crasseque ferrugineo-tomentosa
nervo medio crasso prominenti, lateralibus 5-7 utroque latere paulo
conspicuis.
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata basi foliosa, conferta folia
paulo excedens. Ramuli dense ferrugineo-tomentosi; superne bracteo-
lati bracteolis anguste linearibus brevibus tomentosis. Pedicelli
5-10 mm. longi. Calyculus 2-3 bracteolis filiformibus instiuctus. In-
volucrum 8 bracteis herbaceo-ciassiusculis elliptico-oblongis apice
paulo acutatis 6 mm. longis 1.3-3 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso
tomentosis. Capitula heterogama. plores exteriores feminei plerum-
que 4, ligulatae, corolla lutea tubulo 4.5 mm. longo, lamina elliptico-
oblonga 5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata. Flores disci 15-17, hermaphroditi,
corolla 7-7.5 mm. longa tubulo 3 ram., dentibus lirearibus 2 mm. pro-
fundis. Antherae basi rotundatae. Stigmata apice conoidea penicillato
coronata centre longe piloso-caudata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
pallido-ferrugineus circa 7 mm. long.
Type: Peru: Huanuco, ann. 1927, collect. M. Sawada 45 (F, US).
Senecio huanuconus var. ilicifolius Cuatr., nov. var.
A typo differt folia acutiora repando sinuato-dentata dentibus 3-4
utroque letere callosis acutis subpungentibus.
Type: Peru: Dep. Huanuco, puna, grass steppe, 4100 m. alt., col-
lect. Woytkowski 34306 (F).
S. huanuconus is intermediate between Senecio and Gynoxys. The
leaves and branchlets of the inflorescence are alternate but occasion-
ally opposite. The stigmas resemble those of Gynoxys. It differs
from S. alternifolius (Sch. Dip.) Greenm. by its shorter leaves and
petioles, the denser tomentum, and the somewhat different heads.
Senecio Tuestae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis robustis striatis dense tomentoso-hirsutis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus 4-4.5 cm. longus,
erectus vel flexuosus striatus, supra sulcatus, dense tomentoso et
hirsutulus. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica oblonga utrinque at-
tenuata basi obtusa apice acutata, margine repando sinuato-dentata
dentibus n.ucroniformibus brevibus callosis acutis, 13-17 cm. longa,
5-7 cm. lata; supra viridis, in sicco brunnescens nervo medio angusto
impresso tomentoso excepto glabra, nervulis minute reticulatis promi-
nulis; subtus ferrugineo-ochracea dense crasseque tomentoso-velutina
nilis stellatis valde intricatis tecta et aliquibus pilis simplicibus
longioribus nervo medio munita, costa crassa elevata nervis secun-
dariis 10-12 utroque latere bene conspicuis, nervulis obsoletis.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 47
Inflorescentia terminalis ampla corymboso-paniculata, axi ramisque
creeds breviter denseque tomentosis et copiose longeque hirsutis.
Ramuli ultimi pedicellique filiformi hirsutuli aliquis bracteis lineari-
bus angustissimis munitis. Pedicelli graciles 5-20 mm. longi, apicem
2-4 bracteolis filiformibus laxum calyculum formantibus. Capitula
radiata. Involucrum 8 bracteis 8-8.5 mm. longis, lineari-oblongis ex-
terioribus 1.2 mm. interioribus 2.5 mm. latis, glabratis. Flores exte-
riores feminei ligulati 2-3, corolla lutea tubulo angusto circa 5 mm.
longo, lamina oblonga 8.5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata. Flores centrales
hermaphroditi 8.5-9 mm. longi, tubulo angusto 2.8-3 mm. longo, limbo
tubuloso basi abrupte contracto apice in 5 dentibus linearibus 2 mm.
longis incisso. Antherae basi subobtusae. Stigmata conica penicil-
lato-caudata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 8.5 mm. long, brunneo-
stramineus.
Type: Peru: Dep. Huanuco, Pillao, 2700 m. alt. open situations.
Shrub 3-6 met., flowers yellow its center brownish, leaves very dark
green underneath beige penetrating fragrance not pleasant. Collect.
Diego Tuesta Diaz & Jorge Woytkowski 34095 (F).
S. Tuestae is closely related to S. alternifolius (Sch. B.) Greenm.
but differs chiefly by the hirsute indumentum of the branchlets and in-
florescence, formed by mixed stellate and simple divaricate hairs, by
its longer pedicels, the larger involucre and flowers, and by the
thicker, velvety tomentum on the lower side of the leaves.
Senecio Fortunatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis terminalibus plus minus ve flexuosis granules is, extre-
mis teretibus striatis plus minusve puberulis et lanato-araneosis.
Folia alterna membranacea petiolata viridia. Petiolus angustus 2.5-
3 cm. longus puberulus basi incrassato-vaginatus. Lamina lanceolata
basi cuneata apice acuminatissima margine argute uniformiterque ser-
rata, dentibus acutis 1.5 mm. altis 2-3 mm. distantibus; 20-24 cm.
longa, 4-6 cm. lata; supra costa angusta conspicua tomentella reliqua
glabra vel minutis spars issimis pilis, nervis secundariis reticuloque
paulo conspicuis; subtus viridis spars issime vix conspicue araneosis
costa prominenti parce arachnoideo-puberula nervis secundariis promi-
nentibus circa 20 utroque latere ascendentibus, reliquis nervulis
conspicuum gracilem minutum reticulum formantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminates ample paniculatae folia superiora non
attingentibus, ad 20 cm. lata. Ramuli pubescenti et lanato-araneosi.
Bracteae lanceolatae, superiores angustissime lineares breviores.
Pedicelli subcapillares 5-20 mm. longi erecti vel flexuosi puberuli 2-3
bracteolis filiformibus flexuosis muniti. Capitula radiata basi 5-6
bracteolis filiformibus 2-3 mm. longis calyculum formantibus. Involu-
crum hemisphaericum 13 bracteis o vat o-apicu latis parce araneoso-
puberulis 3.2 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis apice fusco acuto ciliolato.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati 10-12 corolla flava tubulo filiformi
3 mm. longo lamina elliptico-oblonga 5 mm. longa. Flores disci herma-
phroditi, corolla lutea 5 mm. longa tubulo 1.7 mm. longo. Antherae
48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
basi brevissime apendiculatae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovari-
um. Pappus stramineus.
Type: Peru: Dep. Cuzco, Urubaraba Valley, Hacienda Fanccac
2760 m. alt., collect. Sept. 1928 Fortunate L. Herrera 2096. (US.)
Other specimen: Peru, Valle de Paucartambo, hacienda Pfuyucalla,
3400 m.alt., collect. Jul. 1930 Fortunate L. Herrera 2983, n.v. "Putur-
putur".
5. Fortunatus is closely related to 5. multinervis Sch. Bip. but dis-
tinguished by its glabrousness, its slender, petiolated leaves, which
are smooth and glabrous on the upper side, and its smaller heads.
From S. castanae folios DC. it is distinguished by the thin indumentum,
smaller heads and flowers, and the larger calycle, the linear, interior
bracts of which are often as long as the involucre.
Senecio Cardenas ii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex valde robusta ad 2 met. alt. ramis terminalibus plus minus-
ve flexuosis striolatis brunneo-tomentulosis copiosis pilis brevibus
crassis resinosis fuscis tectis et tenuissimis flexuosis pilis albis
araneosisque interspersis.
Folia alterna petiolata crassiuscule herbacea in sicco membranacea,
laetiviridia. Petiolus praecipue 15 mm. longus erectus vel flexuosus
tomentoso-araneosus basi incrassato-vaginatus. Lamina plus minusve
cochlearia sub-bullata marginibus deorsum recurvatis, ovato-oblonga
basi asymmetric e cordata apice attenuata acutiuscula mucronata, mar-
gine repando-dentata dentibus callosis mucroniformibus, 9-11 cm.
longa 3.5-5 cm. lata; supra subrugulosa in juvenilibus puberulis adul-
tioribus glabra nervo medio angusto conspicuo tomentello, reliquis
nervis paulo visibilibus; subtus puberulo-arachnoidea vel sparsissimis
pilis munita, costa crassa, 8-10 nervis lateralibus utroque latere
prominulis, nervulis prorainule reticulatis.
Inflorescentiae terminales et ultimi- axillares magnam paniculam
subpyramidatam subfoliosam formantes. Ramuli brachiati robust! dense
tomentosi et arachnoidei. Bracteae superiores ovato-lanceolatae am-
plectentes breves tomentellae. Pedicelli mediocriter robust! rigidi
patuli -praecipue curvati glanduloso-tomentello araneosique, 1-3 cm.
longi, tantum sub apicem 2-3 bracteolis muniti et apice ad involucrum
adpressis 5-7 bracteolis linearibus acutis 3-7 mm. longis subglabris
ad modum calyculi dispositis. Involucrum campanulatum 14 bracteis
obovato-oblongis 7 mm. longis 3 mm. latis crassis sed marginibus
praecipue superiore parte late scariosis apice ciliatis acutis, dorso
sparse glandules o-puberulo. Capitula nutantia vel cernua radiata.
Flores marginales feminei ligulatae 12-13, corolla lutea tubulo crassi-
usculo ^ mm. longo lamina 8 mm. longa 2-2.5 mm. lata, elliptico-
oblonga. Flores disci herraaphroditi circa 30, corolla 7 mm. longa
tubulo 2 mm. longo. Antherae basi minuscule appendiculatae. Stig-
mata subtruncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 6-7 mm.
longus stramineus.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 49
Type: Bolivia, near Chulumani way to Yungas of Tablas, Cocha-
bamba, 2700 ra. alt. on wet bushy slopes. Herb 2 met. flowers yellow.
Collect. M. Cardenas 3988 (F, US.)
S. Cardenas ii is a very well marked species differing from all simi-
lar species by the shape and texture .of its leaves which are concave,
and the structure of its inflorescence and heads. The two interior
bracts of the calycle are as long as the involucre.
Senecio Woytkowskii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ad 2-3 met. alta.
Folia praesumpte alterna, coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 2 cm. longus
robustus densissime ochraceo-tomentosus. Lamina obovato-elliptica
oblonga basi subcuneata apice subite attenuata et cuspidata, margine
plana serrata, dentibus callosis patentibus, 14-16 cm. longa, 4.5^-5.5
cm. lata; supra viridis glabra nervo medio basim versus tomentoso ex-
cepto, nervis nervulisque in reticulo paulo cons pic uo; subtus densis-
sime ochraceo-tomentosa, costa crassa prominenti nervis secundariis
12-14 utroque latere arcuato-ascendentibus prominulis, nervulis laxe
reticulatis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae terminales paniculata, ramulis tomentoso-pubescenti-
bus, bracteis inferioribus ovato-lanceolatis mediis lanceolatis supe-
rioribus linearibus minoribus. Pedicelli 5-15 mm. longi crispo-pilosi.
Calyculus 7-8 bracteolis linearibus subfiliformibus 3-5 mm. longis
glabratis. Capitulum heterogamum. Involucrum circa 13 bracteis ellip-
ticis apice acutatis 7.5-8 mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis glabris. Flores
marginales feminei ligulati 12-13, corolla lutea tubulo 4 mm. longo,
lamina oblonga 7 mm. longa, 2.5 mm. lata. Flores disci circa 36, her-
maphroditi corolla 6-6.2 mm. long tubulo 2 mm. long., limbo tubuloso
apice 5-dentato dentibus 1.3 mm. pro fund is. Antherae basi obtusae.
Stigmata apice obtusa coronato-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
stramineus.
Type: Peru: Huanuco, vicinity of Tambo de Vacas, 3500 m. alt.
Tall shrub some 5-9 ft. high grows among the thicket, flowers bright
yellow, collect. 4-XI-1937 Felix Woytkowski 145 (F).
S. Woytkowskii is distinguished from its related species by the tex-
ture and indumentum of its leaves and its conical stigma.
Senecio unduavianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 2-3 met. alta, ramulis terminalibus angustis tomentoso-
hirsutulis.
Folia alterna petiolata submembranacea ampla. Petiolus 3-5 cm.
longus striatus puberulus vel tomentellus supra sulcatus basi abrupte
dilatatus. Lamina oblongo-oblanceolata basiiu versus longiuscule
angustata acute cuneata apice attenuato-lanceolata, margine argute
dentata subserrata dentibus robustis acute mucronatis subuniformibus,
media vel sterilia 40 cm. longa, 9 cm. lata, fertilia (superiora) 23-26
cm. longa 5.5-6.6 cm. lata; supra parce scabrido-pilosa viridis nervo
50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
medio angusto toraentoso; subtus nervis plus minusve rufo-tomentosis
reliqua saepe tenuiter lanato-arachnoidea, costa crassiuscula eminen-
ti, nervis secundariis 23-30 utroque latere bene conspicuis patulis
marginem versus curvato-anastomosatis, nervulis minute et conspicue
reticulatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis foliosa subcorymboso-paniculata quam
folia superiora brevior. Ramuli tomentelli et tenuiter araneosi, su-
perne bracteolis lanceolatis vel linearibus acutis angustissimis mu-
nki. Pedicelli 10-20 mm. longi filiformi erecti vel flexuosi. Capitula
radiata subbasim 1-3 bracteolis parvis vix calyculum formantibus.
Involucrum 12-13 bracteis ovatis apice apiculatis acutis, 4.5-5 mm.
longis 2-2.5 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso parce puberulis araneo-
sisque. Flores marginales feminei circa 10-12 ligulatae, corolla lutea
tubulo 2.8-3 mm. longo, lamina elliptic o-oblonga 5-nervata 6-7 mm.
longa 2-2.5 mm. lata. Flores disci circa 40 hermaphroditi corolla
lutea 7 mm. longa. Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata papil-
losa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus 5-6 mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia: Unduavi, Nordyungas, 3300 m. alt. Strauch 2-3
met., Nov. 1910 collect. Otto Buchtien 3091. (US).
S. unduavianus is related *.o S, multinervis Sch. Bip. from which it
differs chiefly by its long petiolated leaves.
Senecio ayopayensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex 2-3 met. alt. ramis terminalibus erectis medulosis striatis
pilis glandulosis crassiusculis et pilis arachnoideo-lanuginosis tectis.
Folia alterna sessilia herbaceo-membranacea tantum superiora ramo-
rum in specimine. Lamina grandis late lanceolata basim versus atte-
nuata basi breviter rotunda to-a uric ulata amplectens, apice angustata
longe acuteque cuspidata, 38 cm. longa, 9.5 cm. lata; margine argute
serratis, dentibus acutissimis minoribus 1 mm. longis cum majoribus
triangularibus 3 mm. longis regulariter alternantibus; supra viridis
puberula, pilis minutis crassiusculis prostratis et longioribus tenuiori-
busque arachnoideis munita, costa et nervis lateralibus plus minusve
conspicuis tomentellisque; subtus pallido-viridis laxe arachnoideo-
lanuginosa, costa rubescens prominenti nervis lateralibus copiosis
prominentibus patulis 6-8 mm. inter eos distantibus, marginem versus
reticulate anastomosantibus, nervulis venulisque minutum reticulum
formantibus.
Inflorescentia corymboso-panic ulata terrainalis basi foliosa, folia
superiora brevior. Kami angulati vel striati pubescent! et albo-arach-
noidei. Bracteae lanceolatae acutae sursum decrescentes. Pedicelli
5-20 mm. longi tenues lanuginoso-arachnoidei erecti vel flexuosi paulo
bracteolati. Capitula radiata. Calyculus 4-5 bracteolis subfiliformi-
bus involucrum aequilongis vel subaequilongis instructus. Involucrum
hemisphaerico-carapanulatum 12-13 bracteis ovatis acute apiculatis 4
ram. longis, 1.5-1.8 mm. latis margine scariosis apice ciliatis dorso
lanuginoso-puberulis. Flores marginales feminei 10-12 ligulatae,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 51
corolla lutea tubulo 3 mm. longo, lamina 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata.
Flores disci hermaphroditi 36-40, corolla lutea 5.5 mm. longa, tubulo
2 mm. Antherae basi brevissime appendiculatae. Stigmata truncata
breviter papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus.
Type: Bolivia: Dep. Cochabamba, prov. Ayopaya: Sailapata, 2700
m. alt. Shrub 2-3 met. in wet soil, collect. M. Cardenas 3272 (US).
S. ayopayensis is related to S. multinervis Sch. Bip. ex Rusby but
differs by its slender leaves which are not papillose on the upperside,
its regularly doubly serrate margins (large triangular teeth alternate
with minute ones), its smaller heads and flowers, and the acute, apicu-
late, arachnoideous, involucral bracts. From S. biserrifolius Kze, it
differs by its larger leaves, truncate stigmas, and radiate heads. S.
yalusay Cabrera belongs to this group and is distinguished chiefly by
its petiolate leaves and larger involucres. As the plant at hand from
Cochabamba has only superior leaves, the inferior ones are necessary
for a complete understanding of this species.
Senecio longilinguae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis erectis medulosis argute angulatis viridibus glabris.
Folia alterna membranacea sessilia glabra valde approximata (inter-
nodiis superioribus valde brevibus). Lamina lineari-oblonga, elongate
lingulata, apicem versus attenuata acuta, basi angusta rotundato-
semiamplectens, costa superne notata inferne eminenti basim versus
valde crassa acuteque carinata plus minusve decurrenti margine plus
minusve profunde serrata dentibus acutis paulo revoluta; supra viridis
vel atroviridis sublaevis nervis secundariis nervulisque paulo con-
spicuis, subtus valde pallida, nervis secundariis plus 30, rectangula-
tis, marginem versus curvatis, prominulis, nervulis conspicuis minute
reticulatis; 18-28 cm. longa, 3-4.5 cm. lata.
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata, ramulis glabris vel parcissime
puberulis, bracteolis lanceolatis 3-5 mm. longis, parce puberulis.
Pedicelli 10-25 mm. longi parcissime puberuli 1-3 bracteolis muniti.
Capitulum heterogamum. Calyculus 2-3 bracteolis brevibus subbasila-
ribus. Involucrum campanulatum viride glabrum, 8 bracteis late ob-
longis apice pubescenti fusco abrupte acutato, 7 mm. longis, 2-2.7 mm.
latis. Flores marginales feminei ligulati lute i 4-5, corolla tubo 5 mm.
longo, lamina 14 mm. longa 3-4 mm. lata. Flores centrales hermaphro-
diti 16-18, corolla 9 mm. longa, tubulo 4 mm., limbo apice 5 dentatis,
dentibus 1 mm. profundis. Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata
papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Bolivia, collect. Miguel Bang 2495 (US).
S, longilinguae is striking by its narrow, elongate, sessile, glabrous
leaves which are green on the upper side and pale on the lower, re-
sembling those of Nerium Oleander.
Senecio Goodspeedii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Hierba robusta 2 met. alt.
I innanu
52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Folia alterna chartacea petiolata. Petiolus 2-3 cm. longus robustus
scabridus puberulus, supra planus, basi subite ampliato-amplectens.
Lamina elliptico-oblonga utrinque attenuata basi cuneata apice acute
acuminata vel caudata, margine minute uniform iterque denticulata den-
tibus callosis mucroniformibus 0.6 mm. longis 1-2 mm. inter se dis-
tantibus, 26-30 cm. longa 6-9 cm. lata; supra asperula atroviridis
granulis conicis vel rotundatis plus minusve sparsis munita in juve-
nile puberulo-araneosa denique glabrata sed nervo medio angusto
tomentello; subtus pubescenti araneosa, viridi-pallida costa crass a,
nervis lateralibus prominentibus angustis circa 30 utroque latere patu-
lis marginem versus reticulato-anastomosatis; nervulis venulisque in
minutum reticulum connatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis ample paniculata basi foliosa, raraulis
striolatis parce arachnoideis, paniculis parcialibus folia subtendentia
aequilongis. Bracteolis superioribus minutis filiformibus flexuosis.
Pedicelli longissimi, capillares flexuosi 1-4 cm. longi araneoso-
puberuli. Capituli radiati basi 3-5 bracteolis brevibus angustissimis
ad modum calyculi. Involucrum campanula turn 13 bracteis oblongis
apice acutis 5 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis margine anguste scariosis
dorso viridibus parce araneosis apice fuscis ciliatis. Flores feminei
marginales circa 12 ligulatae, corolla lutea tubulo 3 mm., lamina line-
ari oblonga 10 mm. longa 2 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi 36-
38 corolla aurantiaca 6.5 mm. longa. Antherae basi breviter appendicu-
latae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus
albido-stramineus corolla brevior.
Type: Peru: Dept. Huanuco, Pillao 2700 m. alt., in open situations.
Herb 2 met. Flower pale orange-yellow center more dark with black
stamen tips. Stem very dark purple, leaves dark green. Stems and
leaves very coarse, common name "pich-picha". Collect, by A.Tuesta
Diaz & Felix Woytkowski 34097 as members of the "University of
California Botanical Garden Expeditions to the Andes" under the di-
rection of Prof. Thomas H. Goodspeed. (F)
Cotype: Same locality: Tuesta Diaz & Woytkowski 34096.
S. Goodspeedii is related to S. multinervis Sch. Bip., but is dis-
tinguished by the texture of its petioleated and minutely denticulate
leaves, the extremely long and thin pedicels, and its relatively long
ligules.
Senecio sailapatensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis terminalibus flexuosis deflexis vel pendulis,
minute striatis puberulo-floccoso-arachnoideis.
Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea, viridia. Petiolus tenuis erectis
laxe arachnoideo-lanuginosis 15-20 ram. longus, basi vaginato-dilata-
tus. Lamina elliptica, vel elliptico-oblonga basi rotundata vel obtusa
apice attenuato-acuminata acutissima, margine repando-denticulata
dentibus minutis acutis; 9-11 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm. lata; supra glabra
costa filiform! paulo impressa, nervis secundariis venulisque minute
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 53
reticulatis capillaribus impressis reliqua superficie inter eos minuris-
sime bullato-rugosa; subtus levissime puberulo-arachnoidea, nervo
medio eminent!, nervis lateralibus 12-13 utroque latere angustis graci-
liter prominulis subarcuato-ascendentibus marginem versus reticulato-
evanescentibus, reliquis nervulis minutum reticulum formantibus.
Inflorescentia terminalis evoluta elongato-paniculata axi angulato-
flexuoso, striato parce laxeque lanato-arachnoideo. Ramuli angulato-
divaricati. Bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares breves. Pedicelli
brevissimi ad 1-2 mm. longi dense bracteolati. Capitula discoidea.
Calyculus 3-4 bracteolis 1-2 mm. longis viridibus subglabris. Involu-
crum cylindraceum 8 bracteis lineari- oblong is apice acutis glabris
pallido-viridibus, 5 mm. longis 1.5 mm. latis, margine scariosis.
Flores oranes hermaphroditi 17-19 corolla tubulosa 4 mm. longa. An-
therae basi caudatae. Stigmata obtusa papillosa. Ovarium glabrum.
Type: Bolivia, Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Ayopaya: Sailapata 2700
m. alt. Vine flowers white, collect. X-1935 in wet forest by M. Ca'r-
denas 3273, (US).
S. sailapatens is , related to S. Brittonianus Hieron. and 5. baccha-
ridiflorus Rusby, is distinguished by the glabrous appearance of the
whole plant, which is provided only with a thin, floccose, arachnoid,
largely deciduous tomentum.the glabrous involucre , and the fine reticu-
lation of its rugose leaves which is depressed on the upper side and
prominent on the lower.
Senecio Ramonii Cuatr. , sp. nov.
Frutex ramis scandentibus flexuosis juventute laxe lanuginosis,
adultis glabris nitidis leviter striatis.
Folia alterna petiolata coriacea. Petiolus angustus 8-10 mm. longus,
paulo arachnoideus vel glaber supra sulcatus. Lamina lanceolato-
elliptica, apice acuta mucronata basi obtusa, margine repando-denticu-
lata dentibus mucroniformibus callosis acutis patulis, 5-8 cm. longa,
1.8-2.7 cm. lata; supra juvenilibus laxe arachnoidea demum glabra
laevis nitida costa angustissima bene notata impressa, nervis secun-
dariis obsolete impressis reliquis inconspicuis; subtus juvenile statu
ochraceo-tomentella deinde parce puberula costa eminenti nervis later-
alibus 9-10 utroque latere prominentibus patulis marginem versus
arcuato-anastomosatis reliquis nervulis prominulis reticulatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata elongata basi foliosa pendula,
axi angulato flexuoso ochraceo-lanuginoso, ramulis brevibus lanato-
tomentellis reflexis 8-15 mm. longis, bracteis lanceolatis tomentellis.
Capitula discoidea sessilia vel subsessilia. Calyculus 2-3 bracteolis
minutissimis (1-1.5 mm.) tomentellis. Involucrum 8 bracteolis oblongis
4.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, margine scariosii dorso lanatis apice
acutis ciliatis. Flores hermaphroditi tubulosi 10-12, corolla 5-5.2 ram.
longi, tubulo 2 mm. longo, limbo campanulato apice 5-dentatis dentibus
oblongis 1.5 mm. profundis. Antherae basi acute caudatae. Stigmata
truncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus corolla paulo
54 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
longior. Raro 1-2 floribus marginalibus antheribus absentibus femineis
sed corolla tubulosa regular! vel subregulari.
Type: Peru: Carpish, entre Huanuco y Tingo Maria, 2800-2900 m.
alt. Flores blancas. Arbusto 1-1.5 met. Collect. Aug. 1947 Ramon
Ferreyra 2310 (US).
S. Ramonii, related to S. baccharidiflorus Rusby and S. cuzcoensis
Cabr., differs by its coriaceous leaves with obtuse base, which are
neither reticulate on the upper side nor tomentose on the lower when
adult, by its sessile, small heads bearing few flowers. S. cuzcoensis
has marginal, filiform, female flowers. In a few heads of S. Ramonii I
observed one or two female flowers which showed a corolla like the
central flowers but lacked anthers.
Senecio Miguelii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramis flexuosis tenuissime arachnoideis.
Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea pallide viridis utrinque glabra
vel juvenilia sparse tenuissimo indumento arachnoideo. Petiolus 10-
12 mm. longus erectus vel flexuosus. Lamina elliptico-lanceolata basi
obtusa vel subrotundata apice attenuata acuminata, margine Integra
levissime revoluta, 6-11 cm. longa, 2.3-4 cm. lata; supra costa pallida
visibili, nervis lateralibus filiformibus pallidis plus minus ve conspicu-
is, nervulis reticulatis parce notatis; subtus costa prominent! nervis
secundariis 8-9 utroque latere ascendentibus marginem versus arcuatis
e vanes centibus, nervulis reticulatis paulo prominulis.
Inflorescentia terminalis pyramidato-paniculata elongata dependens,
20 cm. longa, basi foliosa. Axi ramulique patuli leviter arachnoidei.
Pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi paucis bracteolis parvis puberulis muniti,
apice 3-4 ad modum calyculi. Capitula radiata glomerata. Involucrum
campanula turn 12 brae te is linearibus 3.5 mm. long is 1 mm. latis apice
acuto breviter ciliato margine scariosis dorso glabris. Flores margi-
nales feminei 3-4, ligulatae corolla lutea tubuli capillari 2 mm. longi,
lamina lineari 3*5 mm. longi 1 mm. lati. Flores disci 12-15, herma-
phroditi tubulosi, corolla 4.5 mm. longa apice profunde 5-dentata,
tubulo 1.5 mm. longo. Antherae basi caudatae. Stigmata truncata
papillosa. Ovarium puberulum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Bolivia, collected Miguel Bang 2039 (F,US).
S. Miguelii is related to S. psidifolius Rusby but distinguished by
its rather lanceolate leaves and its slender, longer pedicels.
Senecio huallaganus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis adpresse tomentosis, flexuosis deflexis.
Folia alterna subcoriacea petiolata. Petiolus angustus plus minus ve
flexuosus 10-12 mm. longus tomentosus supra planus. Lamina lanceo-
lata basi obtusa vel subrotundata apicem versus angustata acumina-
tissima, margine integra, 8-10 cm. longa 25-32 mm. lata; supra glabra
vel sparsissimis pilis munita costa angustissima depressa puberula
STUDIES ON ANDEAN CO.MPOSITAE-II 55
nervis lateralibus paulo conspicuis, nervulis venisque prominule retic-
ulatis; subtus breviter sparseque tomentella costa prominent!, nervis
secundariis 12-14 utroque latere prorainentibus patulis raarginem ver-
sus anastomosatis, nervulis reticulum prominulum anastomosatis.
Inflorescentia terminalis pyramidato-paniculata sub-foliosa, elongata
deflexa vel pendula, axi ramisque tomentosis. Capitula discoidea ses-
silia vel subsessilia gloraerata secundum ramusculis spiciforme dis-
posita. Calyculus plurimis bracteolis rainutis circa 1 mm. longis
tomentellis instructus. Involucrum campanulatum 13 bracteis anguste
lanceolatis 3.5-4 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis apice ciliolatis margine
leviter membranaceis dorso glabratis. Receptaculum friinbilliferum.
Flores omnes hermaphroditi circa 22, corolla 3.6 mm. longa, tubulo 1
mm., apice limbi 5-dentato dentibus 0.6 mm. longis. Antherae basi
caudiculatae (sagittatae). Stigmata truncata papillosa. Ovarium glab-
rum. Pappus stramineus corollam aequantae.
Type: Peru: Huallaga: Hacienda Pampayacu 2100-2200 m. alt.,
collect. A. Weberbauer 6811 (F.)
S. huallaganus, related to S. cuzcoensis Cabr. and S. baccharidi-
florus Rusby, differs by the short tomentum on the lower side of its
lanceolate leaves, its smaller heads, and its lanceolate, subglabrous
phyllaries (13 rather than 8).
Senecio Steinbachianus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex vel frutex scandens. Kami virides glabri nitidi sublaeves.
Folia alterna petiolata membranacea in vivo crassa viridia. Petio-
lus 2-2.5 cm. longus gracilis rigidus glaber. Lamina elliptica basi
cuneata apice attenuata acuminata, margine integerrima, 6.5-9 cm.
longa, 3-4 cm. lata, itrinque laevis glabra; supra nervo medio tantum
notato; subtus costa prominent!, nervis lateralibus 5-6 utroque latere
ascendentibus arcuatis, paulo notatis, nervulis inconspicuis.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae axillares, longe pedunculatae
(pedunculo circa 10 cm. longo), circa 16 cm. latae. Ramuli ascenden-
tes tenues rigidi parce breviterque tomentelli. Pedicelli 8-15 mm.
longi subfiliformi, tomentelli plurimis bracteolis brevibus anguste
linearibus 1.5-3 mm. longis muniti. Capitula radiata. Calyculus 3-6
minutis bracteolis. Involucrum cylindraceum 8 bracteis oblongis apice
acutatis 7 mm. longis, 2-2.5 mm. latis margine scariosis dorso viridi-
bus sparse pilosis vel glabratis. Flores marginales feminei ligulati
5, corolla lutea tubulo angusto 6 mm. longo, lamina oblonga 7-8 mm.
longa apice obtusa 3-denticulata. Flores disci hermaphroditi 16 tubu-
losi 9 mm. longi, tubulo angusto 5.5 mm. longo, limbo campanulato
profunde 5-dentato. Antherae basi breviter caudatae. Stigmata apice
incrassata subtruncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus pallide
stramineus.
Type: Bolivia, Prov. Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba: Ouebrada de
Corani, 200 met. lat. "Wurzelt und rankt an Staemen". Coll. 21-VI-
1929 Jose Steinbach 9876 (F).
56 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
S. Steinbachianus differs from S. floccosus Bench, by the absence of
an indumentum and bracts so characteristic of the latter, by its slen-
der, long pedicels with their small, narrow linear bracteoles, and the
long tubule of the disc flowers. From S. prunioides Rusby it is dis-
tinguished also by being radiate, bearing a longer involucre and flow-
ers, and the corymbose shape of the inflorescence, etc.
Senecio lucidissimus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramulis ultimis dense hirsutulo-tomentosis fer-
rugineis.
Folia alterna petiolata firme coriacea. Petiolus 10 mm. longus
robustus ferrugineo-tomentosus supra' sulcatus glaber. Lamina ellip-
tico-oblonga vel elliptico-lanceolata basi subrotundata apice attenuata
acute apiculata, margine integra levissime revoluta, 10-13 cm. longa,
4-5.5 cm. lata; supra glaberrima valde nitida viridis, in sicco viridi-
rubescens, costa angustissima impressa nervis secundariis et nervulis
laxe reticulatis prominulis; subtus nitidissima sed costa tomentella et
spars is simis pilis superficie munita, costa crassa elevata, nervis
secundariis 7 utroque latere arcuato-ascendentibus marginem versus
anastomosatis, nervulis paucis paulo conspicuis laxissime reticulatis.
Inf lore see ntiae racemosae-paniculatae axillares, (probabiliter etiam
terminales) quam folia breviores vel subaequantes, axi ramulisque
tomentosis. Pedicelli 2-6 mm. longi tomentelli vel puberuli. Brac-
teolae 1-3 valde minutae apicem pedicellum vix calyculum formantes.
Capitula discoidea. Involucrum campanulatum 8-9 bracteis oblongo-
lanceolatis 7 mm. longis 2 mm. latis, margine scariosis apice ciliatis
basi pilosulis, dorso glabris. Flores hermaphroditi tubulosi circa 20,
corolla 7-7.5 mm. longa, tubulo crassiusculo 4 mm. longo, limbo sub-
campanulato apice 5 dentatis, dentibus ovatis 1 mm. longis. Antherae
basi caudatae. Stigmata apice subtruncata penicillata. Ovarium glab-
rum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Huanuco, Divisoria, in the forest 1600 m. alt.
Vine 8 met. Fl. yellow, calyx green, stem woody pale brown. Leaves
leathery very glassy. Collect. D. Tuesta Diaz & F. Woytkowski
34500 (F).
S. lucidissimus is easily distinguished among the climbing and dis-
coid species of Senecio by its elliptic-elongated, acute, coriaceous,
shiny leaves which have a tomentose dorsal rib; branchlets and in-
florescences are also tomentose; the inflorescences are axillary com-
pact and elongate.
Senecio loretensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens. Kami terminales flexuosi striati tenuiter arach-
noideo-puberuli, in sicco badii.
Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea rigida. Petiolus 6-8 mm. longus
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 57
arachnoideo-pubescens. Lamina elliptica utrinque attenuata basi acute
cuneata apice subacuta mucronulata, margine Integra, 4-6 cm. longa,
17-28 mm. lata, utrinque sparse arachnoidea vel glabra; supra nervo
medio impresso, reliquis in minutum reticulum argute prominulum; sub-
tus costa eminenti, 5-6 nervis lateralibus notatis, reliquis nervulis
minutum reticulum satis prominulum formantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales paniculatae, panicula laxa pyramidalis
elongata, ramulis erectis elongatis s triads parce arachnoideis. Capi-
tula subdiscoidea sessilia vel subsessilia glomerata. Calyculus
parcis bracteolis minutis. Involucrum campanulatum 8 bracteis 3.5 mm.
longis 1.2 mm. latis apice acutis ciliolatis dorso glabris. Flores 10
in capitulo, 1-2 marginales feminei tubulosi corolla apice 5-dentata,
dentibus profundis subregularibus. Flores disci hermaphroditi tubu-
losi, corolla 4.5 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm. longo, dentibus 1 mm. An-
therae 2 mm. longae basi caudatae. Stigmata truncatula penicillata.
Ovarium glabrum. Pappus 5 ram. longus albus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Loreto: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and
Moyobamba, alt. 600-1200 m. alt., forest. Collect. Sept. 1933 G. K.
Klug 3191 (F, US).
S. lore tens is is close to the S. or bore us 11BK complex and is some-
what related to S. Brittonianus Hieron. From the latter it is distin-
guished by its smaller and strongly reticulate, cuneate leaves. From
S. arboreus HBK and S. tamanus Cuatr. it differs chiefly by the arach-
noid indumentum of the branchlets and inflorescence and the longer,
laxer inflorescence.
Senecio pentamerus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens glaberrimus ramis viridibus in sicco brunnescenti-
bus, sublaevibus.
Folia alterna subcoriacea crassiuscula petiolata glaberrima utrinque
viridis, in sicco subbrunnea. Petiolus angustus flexuosus 20-25 mm.
longus. Lamina ovata basi rotundata apice attenuata et apiculata
acuta, margine integerrima, praecipue 12 cm. longa x 7 cm. lata; supra
nervis medio lateralibusque filiformis paulo conspicuis, subtus costa
prominent! nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere parum prominulis
arcuato ascendentibus marginem versus anastomosato-evanescentibus,
reliquis nervulis in laxum reticulum vix conspicuum anastomosatis.
Inflorescentiae terminales paniculatae basi foliosae, rarais robustis
patulis glabris, inferioribus ad 10 cm. longis, ramulis secundariis
racemosis, tertiis (pedicellis) floriferis, 4-6 subcorymbosis. Pedi-
celli 2-6 mm. longi teneres, minute bracteati puberuli, bracteolis 5-6,
minutis linearibus 1-1.5 mm. longis puberulis, 2-3 superioribus ad
modum calyculi dispositis. Capitula discoidea homogama. Involucrum
cylindricum 5 bracteis subelliptico-oblongis 9-10 mm. longis 3-3.5 ram.
latis obtusiusculis subcoriaceis glabris in sicco pallido-brunneis
rigidisque. Flores tantum vidi 5 per capitula, hermaphroditi. Corolla
10 mm. longa, tubulo 3.5 mm. longo, limbo tertio inferiore angustissime
58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
tubuloso (2 mm. long.), reliqua parte laciniata, laciniis 4-4.5 mm.
longis 0.1 mm. latis. Antherae basi apiculatae. Stigmata conica
papillosa. Achaenia glabra 5 mm. longa. Pappus roseo-ochraceus
circa 9 mm. longus.
Type: Bolivia, Dep. of La Paz, Prov. Larecaja: Copacabana (about
10 km. south of Mapiri, 850-950 m. alt., collect. Oct. Nov. 1939, B. A.
Krukoff 11 150 (NY).
S. pentamerus is striking in view of its habit and inflorescence. Its
heads have only five subcoriaceous involucral bracts and five flowers.
Its corolla is deeply incised, its anthers are apiculate at the base and
its stigmas conical.
Senecio colaminus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba basi ramosa ramis erectis robustis viridibus striatis minute
puberulis.
Folia alterna late lanceolata basim versus in pseudopetiolum brevem
(10 mm. longum) attenuata basi vaginato-dilatata, apicem versus
acutata, margine integra vel minute repando-dentata, 4.5-5 cm. longa,
8-12 mm. lata, superiora magis sessUia amplectentiaque basim non
angustata; nervo medio supra notato subtus prominenti, nervis laterali-
bus ascendentibus subtus paulo conspicuis. Lamina viridis supra
minute puberula, subtus glabrior.
Inf lore see ntia subcorymboso-paniculata ad apicem ramorum congesta
pluriflora, foliis superioribus ovatis amplectentibus suffulta. Ramuli
squamuloso-pubescenti. Capitula radiata ad extremum ramulorum sub-
glomerata. Pedicelli 0-3 mm. valde squamulosi. Calyculis plurimis
bracteolis lanceolatis acutis 2-4 mm. longis imbricatis apice scariosis
dorso nigrescentibus. Involucrum campanulatum basi rotundatum 20-22
bracteis linearibus subulatis 6-7 mm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis apice lon-
giuscule nigrescenti, dorso glabri viridi sed tenuibus squamis praedi-
tis. Flores marginales feminei ligulati circa 14 tubulo 3 mm. longo,
lamina 7-8 mm. longa 3 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi circa 58,
corolla 7 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm. limbo tubuloso breviter 5-dentato.
Antherae basi obtusiusculae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus stramineus corolla satis brevior.
Type: Bolivia, Cochabamba: Colami 2900 m. alt. Dry hill sides,
herb 10-70 cm. Fl. yellow, collect. M. Cardenas 3654 (US).
5, colaminus is well characterized by its sunflower- like habit. Its
heads are aggregated and possess a large number of phyllaries the tips
of which are blackish; the calycle has many rather long, subimbricate
bracteoles which are blackish on the inside. The ligules are long and
broad. The superior leaves of the branchlets are broader, more ovate
and amplexicaul.
Senecio lancidentatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex 40 cm.-l m. ramis scandentibus badiis leviter striatis par-
cissime puberulis, ramulis teneribus flexuosis.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 59
Folia alterna submembranacea petiolata. Petiolus tenellus 5-15 mm.
longus basi abrupte in 2 auriculas ovatas, vel subrotundatas, lobatas
(2-10 mm. latas) amplexicaules ampliatus. Lamina triangulari-lanceo-
lata basi subite contracta vel truncata apice acuta, margine crenato-
dentata in sicco leviter revoluta, 2.5-4 cm. longa, 7-14 mm. lata; supra
viridis glabra laevis, nervo medio paulo notato; subtus pallidior par-
cissime puberula, costa prominenti reliquis nervis nervulisque in lax-
urn reticulum anastomosantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales corymboso-paniculatae pauciflorae (6-8
capitulis) ramulis dichotomis filiformibus flexuosis subglabris, brac-
teolis filiformibus 2-6 mm. longis sparsis munitis. Pedicelli subglabri
capillares 4-10 mm. longi flexuosi parce bracteolati, apice 3-5 brac-
teolis ad modum calyculi dispositi. Capitula discoidea deflexa. Invo-
lucrum subcampanulatum 13 bracteolis linearibus subulatis glabris
tenuibus margine scariosis apice ciliolatis 8-9 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis.
Flores omnes hermaphroditi circa 34, corolla 6.5-7 mm. longa, tubulo
2.8 mm. longo. Antherae basi obtusiusculae. -Stigmata truncata papil-
losa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Peru: 6 miles south of Mito, 10,000 ft. in low canyon side
shrubs, collect. Macbride & Featherstone 1826 (US).
S. lancidentatus is related to S. Buchtienii Greenm. which has a
different indumentum and larger leaves and heads. From S. sepium
Sch. Bip. it differs by its discoid, narrower heads which have a smaller
number of flowers and phyllaries. The latter are longer and not spotted
at the top; the calycle is rudimentary and the achenes are glabrous. I
have compared it with an isotype of S. Buchtieni and a cotype of S.
sepium (Mandon 133), which seems to be different from the type.
Senecio charaguensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba elata vel suffrutex, ramis erectis striatis leviter araneosis.
Folia tenuiter membranacea alterna sessilia. Lamina lanceolata
basin versus attenuata basi angustata apice acuta, margine saepe
dimidia superiori parte dentato-subserrata dentibus patulis acutis, vel
subintegra, 8-18 cm. longa, 1-2.8 cm. lata; supra viridis in juvenilibus
arachnoidea deinde glabra, nervo medio conspicuo reliquis obsoletis;
subtus plus minusve persistente arachnoidea vel floccoso laxeque
lanata, costa prominula nervis secundariis remotis ascendentibus
parce conspicuis.
Inflorescentiae corymboso-paniculatae terrainales laxae vel sub-
laxiflorae (10-25 capitulis) ramulis erectis striatis laxe lanuginosis
vel arachnoideis. Bracteae lineares. Pedicelli tenues erecti 8-35 mm.
longi, bracteolis anguste linearibus 5-10 mm. longis. Capitula radiata.
Calyculus pluribracteatus bracteolis angustissimis subulatis acutis
arachnoideis involucrum paulo brevioribus. Involucrum hemisphaerico-
campanulatum 22 bracteis subulatis acutis 8 mm. longis 1-1.6 mm.
latis extus lanuginoso-arachnoideis, viridi-rubescentibus, vel viridi-
bus. Flores marginales feminei circa 12 ligulatae, corolla lutea tubulo
60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
4.5-5 mm. longo, lamina elliptico-oblonga 12 mm. longa, 2-2.5 mm.
lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi ultra 80, corolla 7-7.5 mm. longa,
tubulo angusto 4 mm. longo, apice dentibus 0.8 mm. Lobuli antheriferi
basi mutici. Stigmata truncata coronato-penicillata. Achaenia 3 mm.
longa costata costis pubescentibus. Pappus sericeus a Ibid us.
Type: Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Reg. Charagua: Quebrada de Charagua,
at sandy and dry soil (near river) 900 m. alt. Herb 60-80 cm. Flower
yellow. Collect. M. Ca*rdenas 2825 (F).
S. charaguensis is close to S. sinapoides Rusby but differs by the
arachnoid indumentum of the branchlets and involucre, its less de-
veloped inflorescences, and larger heads.
Senecio Krukoffii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutez elata caule prysmatico-angulato robusto, viridi sed indu-
mento albo arachnoideo-lanato plus minusve deciduo tecto.
Folia alterna petiolata subcoriacea rigida viridia, siccitate brunnes-
centia. Petiolus robustus 2-3 cm. long us erectus, supra sulcatus basi
incrassatus lanato-albicanti. Lamina elliptico vel obovato-elliptico-
oblonga basi obtusata apice angustata apiculata acuta, margine paulo
revoluta, serrata dentibus brevibus acutis, 12-22 cm. longa, 3.5-7.5
cm. lata; supra juvenile statu arachnoideo-lanata deinde glabra nitida
nervo medio impresso lateralibus plus minusve impressis, reliquis ob-
soletis; subtus indumento araneoso tenui persistenti, costa valde
crassa elevata, nervis secundariis 14-15 utroque, latere prominentibus,
ascendentibus (angulo acuto) ad marginem anastomosatis nervulis
laxum reticulum prominulum formantibus.
Inf lore see ntia terminalis conferta panic ulata exfoliata folia superi-
ora caulis superans, circa 10 cm. longa et lata. Ramuli sulcati angu-
lati indumento albicanti arachnoideo-lanato deciduo tecti. Bracteolae
minutae lineares acutae sparse muniti. Pedicelli praecipue 5-10 mm.
longi puberuli bracteolulati bracteolis filiformibus 1-2 mm. longis
apice 3-4 vix calyculum formantibus. Capitula radiata erecta. Involu-
crum campanulatum 13 bracteis oblongis apice deltoideis 5-5.5 mm.
longis 1.8 mm. latis, margine late scariosis dorso viridi glabro.
Flores marginales feminei ligulati 12, corolla lutea tubulo filiformi 4
mm. longo, lamina elliptico-oblonga 5 ram. longa 1.5 mm. lata. Flores
disci hermaphroditi circa 24, corolla tubulosa 7 mm. longa. Antherae
basi caudatae. Stigmata subtruncata papillosula. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus stramineus.
Type: Bolivia: Dep. La Paz, Prov. of S Yungas, vicinity of Tajma
(near Chulumani) 1500-1600 m., collect. B. A. Krukoff 10715 (NY, F).
S. Krukoffii, probably close to S. myrianthus Klatt., is characterized
by its general habit, ascending branchlets covered with an arachnoid
tomentum, shape of its inflorescence and structure of its heads (radi-
ate, 13 phyllaries, etc.).
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 61
Senecio Cabrerae Cua.tr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis angulatis dense adpresseque comentosis.
Folia alterna petiolata subchartacea. Petiolus 2.5-4 cm. longus,
angustus rigidus adpresse tomentosus, supra sulcacus basi paulo in-
crassatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga utrinque attenuata basi anguste
cuneata apice acutato-cuspidata, margine argute serrata plus minusve
revoluta, 13-23 cm. longa, 4-5.5 cm. lata; supra atroviridis in juvenili-
bus puberula, adulta glabrescens calloso-granulata, costa angusta
tomentosa, nervis lateralibus patulis filiformibus tomentellis paulo
conspicuis, nervulis obsoletis; subtus pallidior tomentella, nervo
medio tomentoso crasso elevato, nervis secundariis numerosis 3-4 mm.
inter se distantibus tomentosis venulis in minutum reticulum conspicu-
um anastomosantibus.
Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares, paniculas pyramidales sub-
foliosas ad extremes ramos formantes, ad 40 cm. longas. Ramuli
crispo-tomentosi. Bracteolae lineares pubescentes. Pedicelli 3-10
mm. longi pubescentes. Capitula heterogama. Calyculus 4-6 bracteo-
lis anguste linearibus puberulis vel glabratis brevibus. Involucrum
subrotundato-campanulatum 8-9 bracteis elliptico-oblongis apice acuta-
tis, 5-6 mm. long is, 1.5-2 mm. latis. Flores marginales feminei 7-9
ligulatae corolla lutea tubulo 4.5 mm. longo, lamina oblongo-elliptica
5 mm. longa 1.5 mm. lata. Flores disci hermaphroditi circa 20, corolla
7 mm. longa. Antherae basi caudiculatae. Stigmata obtusa apicem
papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Bolivia: Unduavi, Nordyungas, 3300 m. alt., collect. Otto
Buchtien 3084 & 3085 (US).
S. Cabrerae belongs to the group of S. semidentatus Klatt and S.
Macbridei Greenm. but differs completely from them by the dense
tomentum of the branchlets and the soft tomentum on the underside of
the leaves which are long petiolate. From S. myrianthus Klatt, known
only from the original description and a photograph of the type, it is
distinguished by its long petioles, the indumentum on the upper side
of its leaves which are more acute and serrate, and by the much laxer
inflorescence. S. myrianthus has rugose leaves, which are probably
coriaceaus. Named in honor of the well known botanist and friend
Angel L. Cabrera.
Senecio pongoensis Cuatr. sp. nov.
Herba vel suffrutex, ramulis junioribus lanuginoso-arachnoideis
denique glabratis.
Folia alterna sessilia oblongo-lanceolata inciso-lobata lobis tri-
angularibus acutis apice acuta basin versus valde angustata sed basi
subite in amp las auriculas ovato-lanceolatas amplectentes dilatata
5-6 cm. longa, 8-12 mm. lata; supra viridia et arachnoidea vel adulta
glabra, subtus arachnoideo-lanata albo-cinerea; tantum nervo medio
conspicuo, subtus prominenti, lateralibus ascendentibus obsoletis.
62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Inflorescentia corymboso-paniculata pauciflora terminalis, 6-12
capitulis. Ramuli cinereo-lanati indumento plus minusve deciduo.
Pedicelli 0.8-3 cm. longi aliquis bracteolis filiformibus circa 5-7 mm.
longis muniti. Capitula radiata. Calyculus plurimis bracteolis lineari-
bus subfiliformibus 3-5 mm. longis imbricatis lanuginosis apice fuscis
instructus. Involucrum campanulatum circa 20-22 bracteis linear ibus
subulatis 6 mm. longis 1-1.2 mm. latis, margine scariosis dorso viridi
plus minusve lanuginoso denique glabrato apice ciliato fuscescenti-
Flores marginales feminei 12 ligulati, corolla lutea, tubulo angusto
2.6 mm. longo, lamina lineari-oblonga 10 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata.
Flores centrales hermaphroditi tubulosi, corolla 6 mm. longa, tubulo
1.5 mm. longo dentibus 0.7 mm. papillosis. Antherae basi obtusiuscu-
lae. Stigmata truncata penicillata. Achaenia linearia 3 mm. longa
leviter striata glabra. Pappus sordidus setis deciduis.
Type: Bolivia: Pongo de Quisne 13,500 ft. alt., collect. July 13,
1921, H. H. Rusby 16 (NY).
Cotypes: Bolivia: Pongo, 11,500 ft., collect. H. H. Rusby 2.
Pongo de Quisne, 11,500 ft., July 14, 1921, collect, O. E. White 186
and 176.
S. pongoensis, related to S. sepium Sch. Bip. and S. sinapoides
Rusby, differs by its smaller and incised leaves which are lanate on
the lower side, by its less developed inflorescence, and the structure
of its heads.
Senecio arequipensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Fruticulus 20-40 cm. altus, caulibus tortuosus procumbentibus
ramis basi tortuosis, ascendentibus pseudodichotomus divaricatis
albo-toraentoso-lanatis.
Folia herbacea alterna supra cinereo subtus albo-lanato-tomentosa,
in ramulis sterilibus petiolata in ramis evolutis sessilia. Prima
lamina elliptica vel oblonga basi cuneata apice acuta mucronato-
apiculata utroque latere tridentata dentibus patulis acutis 12-18 mm.
longa 6-9 mm. lata, petiolo 5-6 mm. longo basi vix dilatato. Folia
caulina superiora lamina obovato-elliptica vel oblonga sinuato-dentata
vel incisa, 2-3 dentibus deltoideis mucronatis utroque latere, apice
acuta mucronata basi rotundato-auriculata amplexicauli, mediana sub-
panduriformi vel in pseudopetiolum contracta, basi auric ulato-dilatata
amplectenti; 2-3 cm. longa, 6-13 mm. lata.
Capitula discoidea longe pedicellata solitaria vel 2-3 terminalia.
Pedicelli 0.5-4 cm. longi subcapillares albo-lanati vel denique glab-
rati, apice 4-5 bracteolis anguste-linearibus 2 mm. longis basi lanatis
ad modum calyculi dispositis. Involucrum tubuloso-campanulatum 9-10
bracteis viridi-lutescentibus glabris nitidis margine late scariosis,
linearibus acutis 7-8 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis biseriatis. Flores
hermaphroditi 12-16 tubulosi. Corolla 6.5 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm.
longo, laciniis 1-2 mm. Antherae basi breviter caudatae. Rami stig-
matici paulo complanati sublaeves, apice subrotundati papillosi.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 63
Ovarium dense villosum. Achaenia 2.5 mm. longa breviter denseque
villosa. Pappus uniseriatis stramineus corollae longitudinis.
Type: Peru: North of Arequipa. Southern slopes of Chachani
Mountain, pampa at ca. 3000 m. alt., 12-15 inches tall. Collect. F. E.
Hinkley 55 (US).
Cotype: Peru: Dept. Arequipa: Arequipa, rocky hillside, along
stream course. Alt. 2600-2700 m. Flowers light yellow, collect.
F. W. Pennell 13201 (F, US).
S. arequipensis is closely related to 5. Juanisernii Cuatr., from
which it differs by being a small shrub with more developed branches
(the youngest ones being longer), by having more elongated leaves, of
which only those of the very young ends are petiolated; the cauline
leaves are sessile, the superior ones being oblong, the remaining ones
being contracted in the lower third simulating a pseudo-petiole, braod-
ly auriculate and amplezicaul. The involucre and flowers are longer
and the phyllaries glabrous.
This species must belong to Sect. Diclini Cabrera and cannot be
transferred to Chersodoma because of its glabrous stigmatic branchlets
which are papillose only at the nearly rotundate tips; when young, the
stigmas really are truncate. I think that the villous stigmatic branches
represent an essential character of Chersodoma, S. arequipensis, like
S. Juanisernii, has sagittate anthers, a seldom feature in Andean Sene-
cios, and truly hermaphrodite flowers in the specimens examined.
SENECIO COMOSUS Sch. Bip. ex Wedd. var. debilis Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia herbacea subtus albo-cinerea, margine subintegra anguste
revoluta, lamina oblongo-lanceolata 6-15 cm. longa 7-14 mm. lata, basi
in petiolum angustissimum tenuiter flexuosum 7-10 cm. longum attenu-
ata. Capitula pauca (3-5) brevius pedunculata, calyculo minus brac-
teato minus lanato.
Type: Peru: Huancayo: 3317 m. alt. Collect. Soukup 2740 (US).
SENECIO COMOSUS Sch. Bip. ex Wedd. var. blancus Cuatr., nov. var.
Folia late lineari-oblonga, lamina ad 30 crn. longa, 3.2 mm. lata,
margine crenato-dentata dentibus acute mucronatis. Capitula grandia
longe pedunculata involucre circa 2 cm. diam. 6 (compresso), bracteis
calycularibus arachnoideo-lanatis numerosis imbricatis involucrum
attingentibus vel subattingentibus, involucrum pluriseriatum simu-
lantibus.
Type: Peru: Rio Blanco 12,000 ft. In clumps, rocky brook edge.
Fls. lemon-yellow. Collect. Macbride & Featherstone 712 (US).
Cotype: Peru: Rio Blanco (Dept. Lima) 3000-3500 m. open hillside.
Coarse herb 3-4 ft. rays yellow, florets greenish yellow. Collect.
E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 21622 (US).
It is possible that these two varieties represent species different
from S. comosus, typical material of which I have not seen. Ac-
64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
cording to the original description, it has narrow, linear leaves like
those in the photograph of the Lechler specimen but not like those
of the Mandon 136 specimens included in the same negative (no.
15554). Anyway, the Bolivian plants, until now considered as be-
longing to the same species, are different from the varieties de-
scribed above.
SENECIO JUANISERNI I Cuatr. Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat. Madrid Bot.
33: 144 (1936). Senecio Isernii Cuatr. Ann. Univers. Madr. (Ciencias)
IV: 38, fig. 14, reprint Jun. 1935.
Folia caulina petiolata, petiolo gracili 4-8 mm. longo. Tantum folia
superiora fertilia sessilia amplectentia. Flores polygami (vel dioica?),
feminei anantherae sed rudimentibus filamentorum, rami stigmatici sub-
complanati glabri sublaeves apice subrotundato papillose; hermaphro-
diti (vel masculi?) antheris basi caudatis, stylo stigmateque femineos
similibus.
Peru: Matiicana collect. Isern 420 (fragm. of type, F). Matucana
8000 ft., low mats on rock ledges of canyon wall. Fl. white, Macbride
& Featherstone 232 (F, US).
Lima: Rio Blanco: 3000-3500 m. alt., open hillside Killip & Smith
21657 (US). Below Cuaytara 2300 m. alt. (Dept. Huancavelica prov.
Castro virreina) A. Weberbauer 5410 (F).
S. Juanisernii is a dioecious or polygamo-dioecious species. The
type specimens are female as are those of Weberbauer. The female
flowers possess filaments and sometimes rudimentary anthers. The
apparently hermaphrodite flowers of the Macbride & Featherstone and
Killips & Smith collections may contain sterile gynaecia. The stig-
matic branches are compressed, nearly smooth, and free of hairs or
papillas; the stigmas are rotundate and shortly papillose; the anthers
are shortly sagittate. This plant and S. arequipensis resemble Cher-
sodoma, but lack the important character of the stigmas.
Senecio Soukupii Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa folia elongata basi fasciculata, ramis fertilibus
erectis folios is.
Folia basilaria lamina late oblongo-lanceolata apice acuta basi in
pseudopetiolum longe plicato-vaginantem attenuata 20-35 cm. longa
20-45 cm. lata, pseudopetiolo plus vagina ad 15 cm. long., raargine
foliorum acute dentata, superficie laevi tantum nervo medio conspicuo
subtus prominenti, utrinque viridia tenuissimi indumento lanato-arach-
noideo floccoso plus minusve deciduo munita; caulina simillima sed
sessilia amplectentia.
Rami fertiles foliosi erecti vel basi flexuosi striati, lanato-arachnoi-
dei denique glabri. Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-paniculata
basi subfoliosa, bracteis late-lanceolatis sursum decrescentibus,
ramulis 3-1 capitulis erectis inferiore axillari ad 12 cm. longi; pedun-
culis crassis 0.5-5 cm. longis apice plurimis bracteis calycularibus
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 65
lanceolatis ad capitulum imbricatis involucrum attingentibus vel sub-
aequantibus. Capitula radiata. Involucrum campanulatum 15-17 brac-
teis oblongo-lanceolatis 11-12 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis margine scario-
sis dorso viridibus sparse floccoso-arachnoideo-lanuginosis. Flores
marginales feminei 15-16 ligulatis, corolla lutea tubulo filiform! 6 mm.
longi, lamina elliptico-oblonga 10-12 mm. longa 2.5-3 mm. lata. Flores
disci hermaphroditi circa 100 cubulosi, lutei, corolla 8 mm. longa
tubulo 2.5 mm. limbo tubuloso-infundibuliforme apice 5-dentato denti-
bus deltoideis 1 mm. longis. Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata
papillosa penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus 8 mm. longus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Cuzco, Yucay, 3000 m. alt. Dec. 26, 1937
collect. J. Soukup 710 (F).
Cotypes: Dept. Junin, Huancayo, 4100 m. alt. Acopalca, edge of
mountain stream with roots in muck. Perennial herb 0.4-0.6 m. disc
rays yellow. A strong, stocky brittle stem, collect. H. E. Stork 10921
Dep. Junin, Huancayo 4000 m., Acopalca canyon. Herb 1-2 ft. high.
Rays yellow. Collect. Paul Ledig 22 (US). District Chateca, Alcum-
brera, 3800 m. Paucartamba Valley, "Huira-huira", collect. F. Herrera
1088 (US). Casapalca. In clumps on steep margin of spring. A light
but bright yellow. 15,000 ft. Collect. Macbride & Featherstone 861
(US).
S. soukupii is closely related to S. comosus Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.,
but differs essentially by the glabrous stem and leaves which have
a deciduous, floccose covering only when young.
Senecio puna-sessilis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa. Caulis fertilis subscaposus foliis evolutis basi
congeste rosulatis.
Folia basilaria crassiuscula sessilia anguste elliptico-oblonga
apice paulo attenuata vel acutiuscula supra basim parce angustata
basi vaginata amplectentia, margine minute leviterque serrulata plana,
6-6.5 cm. longa 7-10 mm. lata; utrinque minute papilloso-puberula sub-
velutina costa notata sed non eminenti, 3-4 nervis lateralibus ascen-
dentibus (subparallelinerviis) parum conspicuis.
Scapus circa 50 cm. longus erectus rigidus crassiusculus pallido-
viridis striatus plus minusve arachnoideis vel glabratus, foliis brac-
teosis alternis obtuse lanceolatis basi latis amplectentibus inferne 6
cm. longis 8 mm. latis sursum gradatim brevioribus. Capitula dis-
coidea pedic<_!lata cernua circa 10 ad extreme scapi subracemiforme
disposita, pedicellis (ramulis) 5-2 cm. longis erectis teneribus arach-
noideis bracteolatis, bracteolis lineari- lanceolatis, apice calyculum
formantibus. Calyculum bracteis 4-7 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis glabratis
quam involucre breviore. Involucrum hemispnaerico-campanulatum
circa 21 bracteis oblongis acutis 10 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis herbaceis
viridi-lutescentibus glabris sed apice ciliato-barbulatis. Flores nume-
rosi omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi, corolla lutea 7-7.5 mm. longa,
tubulo angusto 3 mm., limbo campanulato breviter 5-dentato. Antherae
66 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
basi obtusae. Stigmata apice dilatata truncata penicillata. Ovarium
glabrum. Pappus sordide albidus.
Type: Peru, Dept. Huanaco, Torre-Huasi, 4100 met. alt. Lower
stem and leaves purplish, leaves green with purple rim. Flower green-
ish yellow; stalk same color. Only two plants found flowering. 4 May
1946 collected D. Tuesta Diaz & Fe'lix Woytkowski 34270 (F).
S, puna-sessilis is close to S. subdecurrens Sch. B. and S. tephro-
sioides Turcz. but differs from both (probably synonymous) by its
sessile, basal leaves, its auriculate and entire upper leaves, and the
minutely papillose and puberulent leaf surfaces.
Senecio subculcitioides Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa, caule horizontal, rosulam foliorum terminaliam
producto et ramo lateral! emergenti fertili praedito.
Folia rosularia anguste linearia apicem versus angustata, acuta
basim versus in tenuem pseudopetiolum attenuata basi ampliata vagi-
nantia, margine revoluta integra, 20 cm. longa 5-7 mm. lata, supra
viridia glabra laevia; subtus nervo medio eminenti subglabro excepto
dense adpresseque albo-cinerea lanata. Folia basilaria in ramis fer-
tilibus radicalia similia sed breviora. Kami floriferi scaposi tenues
erecti leviter striati parce arachnoidei vel glabrati, tantum 2-3 parvis
foliis bracteiformibus (10-20 ram. long, 2-3 mm. lat.) muniti.
Capitula discoidea globulosa cernua 2-3 extremis scapo disposita
(12-14 mm. lat. compresso). Pedicelli tenui arachnoidei-lanuginosi
circa 2 crn. longi apicem versus breves bracteolas lanceolatas acutas
basi arachnoideas, ad capitulum instar involucrum dispositis. Invo-
lucrum campanulatum 20-21 bracteis ovato-lanceolatis 7.5-8 mm. longis
2 mm. latis apice acuto barbato, margine scariosis dorso glabro vel
parce arachnoideo. Calyculus pluriphyllus, bracteis interioribus quam
involucro breviores. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi corolla 6.5
mm. longa, tubulo capillare 2 mm. basi subite inflato, limbo late cam-
panulato breviter 5-dentato. Antherae 1.5 mm. longae basi obtusae.
Stylus basi bulbosus. Stigmata truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovari-
um glat>rum. Pappus sordidus.
Type: Peru: Banos. Expedit. Capt. Wilkes (USNH-64711).
S. subculcitioides is related to S. culcitioides Klatt, but it is slen-
der and has smaller leaves narrowed toward the base, thin exfoliate
scapes which bear only one or two heads. These are smaller and in
mature plants, the involucre is really shorter than the flowers.
Senecio timidus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Herba rhizomatosa foliis basilaribus fasciculatis ramulis terminali-
bus solitariis subscaposis monocephalis.
Folia basilaria anguste linearia basim versus in pseudopetiolum
angustatum basi longe vaginata amplectentia, margine minute vel ob-
solete denticulata, dentibus callosis, satis revoluta, 20-22 cm. longa,
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 67
5-8 cm. lata; utrinque pallido-viridia, supra glabra nervo medio parum
depresso, subtus tenuissimi velo lanato-arachnoideo munita. Scapus
simplex erectus leviter striatus parcissime arachnoideus demum glaber,
folia basilaria valde superans 28-36 cm. longus, basim versus 2-3
foliis alternis basilaribus similibus sed brevioribus sessilibus basi
amplectenti, sursum gradatim minoribus bracteosis; internodiis 3-7
cm. longis.
Capitula discoidea solitaria nutantia vel cernua 2 cm. lat. (statu
compresso). Involucrum late campanulatum 21-22 bracteis elliptico-
oblongis apice obtusis vel subacutis herbaceo chartaceis pallidis
glabris, 15 mm. longis 3.5-4.5 mm. latis, biseriatis. Calyculus nume-
rosis bracteis pluriseriatis imbricatis lineari-oblongis acutiusculis
rubescentibus, glabris 10-13 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, involucro
paulo brevioribus. Flores involucrum breviores omnes hermaphroditi
tubulosi lutei, corolla 7.5 mm. longa, tubulo 3 mm. longo dentibus
deltoideis 0.6 mm. Antherae basi obtusae. Stigmata truncata papil-
loso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Junin: Mount La Juntay, near Huancayo, alt.
about 4700m., puna. Bracts .bright red, rays and florets yellow. Col-
lect. E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 22040 (US).
S. timidus is closely related to S, hyps abates Wedd., especially in
regard to the structure of the heads. It differs from that species by the
long, narrow leaves with revolute margins; these leaves, resembling
those of S. culdtioide s, lack the tomentum but have a slight arachnoid
pubescence; moreover it differs from this species by being monocepha-
lous and by having a different involucre with broader phyllaries which
are longer than the flowers.
Senecio antaicochensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex ramis basi procumbens tortuosis extremis erectis, striola-
tis lanato tomentosis albidis.
Folia alterna sessilia crassiuscula obovato-oblonga in ramulis juve-
nilibus basim versus paulo attenuata in adultis ampliato-auriculata
amplexicaulia, apice obtusa, margine integra revoluta, 12-22 mm.
longa, 4-7 mm. lata; supra albo-cinerea dense crispo-lanato-tomentosa,
subtus cinerea vel lutescente crispo tomentosa, tomento aliquando
deciduo, nervo medio supra paulo conspicuo subtus prominenti.
Inflorescentia terminalis et subterminalis panic ulata, circa 8 capitu-
lis, rairulis tomentosis flexuosis axillaribus bracteis foliis similibus.
Pedicelli 1-2 cm. longi, apice numerosis bracteis linearibus subulatis
acutis dense lanato-tomentosis in calyculum imbricatis. Capitula
radiata. Involucrum campanulatum circa 15 mm. latum (compressum)
21 bracteis lineari-subulatis 9-10 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, com-
presse crispo-lanato-tomentosis. Flores marginales feminei circa 21,
ligulatae, corolla flava tubo 4 mm. longo, lamina oblonga 10-12 mm.
longa, 3-3.5 mm. lata, apice breviter 3-dentata. Flores disci hermaph-
roditi circa 76, corolla lutea 7.5 mm. longa, tubulo 2 mm. limbo tubu-
68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
loso-campanulato apice 5-dentato, dentibus 1 mm. Antherae basi muti-
cae. Stigmata apice truncata papilloso-penicillata. Ovarium glabrum.
Pappus stramineus.
Type: Peru: Dept. Lima, near Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado, East of
Canta, open rocky cliff, 4000-4200 m. alt., shrub. Rays lemon chrome
disk yellow, collect. F. W. Pennell 14687 (US).
S. anta icochensis is related to S. sublutescens but differs from that
species by its lanate, dense tomentum, its rather obovate, oblong
leaves, and its smaller heads. From S. Hohenackeri Sch. B. it differs
in the shape of the involucre and calycle. From S. Pavoni (Wedd.)
Cuatr. it is different by being radiate and having a different indu-
mentum.
Senecio sublutescens Cuatr., sp. nov.
Suffrutex ramis basi tortuosis procumbentibus extremis leviter stria-
tis villoso-lanatis cinereo-lutescens.
Folia alterna crassiuscula sessilia linear i- la nceolata vel lineari-
elliptica apice obtusa vel obtusiuscula, basi dilatato-cordata amplexi-
caulia 1.8-4 cm. longa, 4-10 mm. lata, margine levissime revoluta
integra, sed subtus minutissimis remotis dentibus obsoletis; supra
viridi grisea tenuiter villoso-lanata, nervo medio anguste impress©;
subtus dense villoso-lanata cinerea vel luteolo-cinerea costa promi-
nenti reliquis nervis inconspicuis; pilis sericeis.
Capitula radiata solitaria vel pauca (2-3) ad extremes ramorum longe
pedunculata, pedunculis 3-7 cm. longis, crassiusculis flexuosis dense
villoso-lanatis lutescentibus. Calyculus 20-26 bracteis lineari-lanceo-
latis pluriseriatis circa 8-12 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, extus densis-
sime lanatis pilis sericeis in sicco lutescentibus, interioribus involu-
crum attingentibus velpaulobrevioribus. Involucrum late campanulatum
(compressum 2-2.5 cm. lat.) circa 22 bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 13.5-
14 rr.m. longis, 1.8-2.5 mm. latis extus crasse lanatis pilis sericeis
lutescentibus. Flores marginales feminei ligulati numerosi (plus 22)
exserti, corolla flava tubulo 5 mm. longo, lamina oblonga 17-20 ram.
longa 4-5 mm. lata. Flores disci crebri tubulosi lutei, corolla 8-9 mm.
longa, tubulo 2.5 mm., limbo apice 5-dentato, dentibus 1 mm. Antherae
basi obtusiusculae. Stigmata apice incrassata truncata penicillata.
Ovariura glabrum. Pappus alb leans.
Type: Peru: Viso. In slide rock. Light yellow. 9000 ft. collect.
Niacbride & Featherstone 586 (US).
S» sublutescens is close to S. Hohenackeri Sch. Bip., but differs by
the laxer, hispidulous, sericeous indumentum which is yellowish in the
upper part of the plant, the linear-lanceolate phyllaries, and its adult
leaves which are broader at the base. In the other hand, S. Hohenack-
eri has more ovate or elliptical phyllaries, broader and thicker calycu-
lar bracts and a thicker, more compact indumentum. Because of its
indumentum it is similar to S. Pavonii (Wedd.) Cuatr., which has
obovate, oblong leaves narrowed toward the base and is discoid.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 69
Senecio minesinus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex rarais erectis copiose cinereo-lanatis.
Folia alterna sessilia obovato-oblonga vel lineari-oblonga, supra
basim parcissime attenuata apice acuta mucronulata basi ampliato-
amplectentia, margine revoluta 2-3 dentibus mucroniformibus utroque
latere, 16-28 mm. longa 5-6 mm. lata; supra griseo-lanuginosa, tomento
crispo plus minusve deciduo, nervo medio excepto; subtus dense lanu-
ginoso-tomentosa, cinerea vel lutescentia tantum costa visibili.
Inf lore see ntia corymboso-paniculata terminalis pauciflora vel multi-
flora basi subfoliosa. Ramuli erecti albicanti-lanati. Bracteae ovato-
lanceolatae oblongae basi late amplectentes, margine revolutae,
lanatae. Pedicelli 10-20 mm. longi, crassiusculi flexuosi lanati.
Capitula discoidea. Calyculus pluribracteatis bracteolis 2-pluri-
seriatis lanatis linearibus circa 8 mm. longis, interioribus involucre
paulo brevioribus. Involucrum campanula turn 21 bracteis lanceolatis,
8 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis extus griseo-lanatus, apice angustatis
viridibus margine scariosis. Flores omnes hermaphroditi tubulosi
circa 100, corolla 7-8 mm. longa tubulo 3 mm. limbo tubuloso apice
breviter 5-dentato. Antherae basi obtusiusculae. Stigmata truncata
papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus stramineus.
Type: Peru: San Carlos Mines, Est. 6 miles west of Huallanca
9000 ft. In crevices of rock outcrops. Woody below. Collect. Mac-
bride & Featherstone 2470 (US).
Other specimen: Peru: 16 miles NE of Huanuco. Grassy wet hill-
top 14,000 ft. Collect. Macbride & Featherstone 2169 (US).
S. minesinus belongs to Sect. Reflexus Cuatr. and is close to S,
Pavonii (Wedd.) Cuatr. and S. romeroides Cuatr. From the former it is
distinguished by being corymbose, having a different indumentum and
leaves of different shape; from the latter species it differs chiefly by
its broader leaves.
Senecio saxipunae Cuatr., sp. nov.
Fruticulus basi tortuosus ramulis terminalibus erectis vel flexuosis.
Kami ramulique dense cinereo-lanato-tomentosi.
Folia alterna crassiuscula sessilia, ovata vel ova to-ob longa, apice
obtusa vel obtusiuscula basi saepe cordato- vel subcordato-amplexi-
caulia, vel in juvenilia attenuata, margine revoluta integra vel minu-
tissimis dentibus mucroniformibus remotis munita, 18-28 mm. longa,
6-13 mm. lata; supra grisea tomento lanato albo tenui tecta denique
deciduo, nervo medio depresso; subtus dense lanato-tomentosa albo-
cinerea costa crassa 2-3 nervis lateralibus ascendentibus plus minus
conspicuis.
Capitula radiata solitaria vel subsolitaria (2-4) rarnos vel ramuscu-
los terminantia. Pedicelli crassi flexuosi dense lanati. Calyculus
9-12 bracteolis subbiseriatis linearibus circa 4 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis
dense lanatis albicantibus. Involucrum 19-21 bracteis lanceolatis 8.5
70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
mm. longis 2-2.5 mm. latis apice acutis fuscescentibus, dorso densis-
sime albicanti lanatis. Flores marginales feminei ligulatae involucrum
paulo excedentes, 8-10 corolla flava 6.5-7 mm. longa, cubulo 2.5 mm.,
lamina elliptica 4-4.5 mm. longa 2 ram. lata. Flores disci numerosi
hermaphroditi, corolla lutea 7.5 mm. longa, tubulo 2.6 mm. limbo cam-
panukto dentibus 1 mm. Antherae basi muticae. Stigmata apice
truncata papillosa. Ovarium glabrum. Pappus albidus.
Type: Peru: Viso, 9000 ft. More or less pendant from crevices,
vertical rock-cliffs. Woody below. Light yellow. Collected Macbride
& Featherstone 587 (US).
Cotype: Peru: Dept. Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata. Rocky cliff on
puna, alt. 3900-4000 m. alt. Shrub. Rays lemon chrome, disc yellow.
Collect. F. W. Pennell 13743 (F).
S. saxipunae is close to S. Hohenackeri Sch. Bip. and other related
species from which it is distinguished by its short ligules, smaller
heads and less developed calycle. The leaves are largely sessile and
amplexicaul; the tomentum is very dense and white on the lower side,
softer and transparent on the upper side. In its habit this species
resembles closely species of Sect. Reflexus Cuatr., which includes
old fruticose Culcitia.
SOME ANDEAN SECTIONS OF THE GENUS SENECIO
Sect. Ledifolium Cuatr., sect. nov.
Frutices vel arbuscuiae ramulis erectis rigidis lanato-tomentosis.
Folia parviuscula coriacea sessilia vel breviter petiolata, lamina
elliptic o-oblonga vel lanceolata vel lineari margine integra, tomentosa
vel supra denique glabra. Capitula discoidea in paniculis corymbosis
terminalibus.
Typus Sectionis Senecio ledifolius (HBK) DC.
Other species: S. Lehmannii Hieron, S. novolanatus Cuatr.
Sect. A hie to ides Cuatr., sect. nov.
Frutices vel suffrutices ramis rigidis elongatis glabris vel termi-
natiorie tomentosis. Folia coriacea angustissime linearia elongata
aciculiformia glabra. Capitula discoidea vel radiata in panicula co-
rymbosa terminali disposita.
Typus Sectionis Senecio abietinus Willd.
Subsect. Discoidei nov.— Capitula homogama, typus Senecio abie-
tinus Willd. Other species: S. aciculatus Cuatr., S. Lindenii Sch. B.,
S. teretifolius DC., S. elatoides Wedd.
Subsect. Radiati nov.— Capitula heterogama, typus Senecio Weber-
bauerii Cuatr.
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 71
Sect. Vaccinioides Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae vel frutices glabrae vel pubescentes. Folia coriacea
viridia oblonga sublanceolata (0.5-5 cm. longa x 2-18 mm. lata) vel
parva et elliptica, margine Integra, petiolata vel subsessilia. Capitula
discoidea involucre campanulato. Inflorescentiae corymbosae breves
terminales.
Typus Sectionis: Senecio vaccinioides (HBK) Sch. Bip.
Other species: S. pulchellus (HBK) DC, S, guantivanus Cuatr.,
S. Microchaete (Benth.) Wedd., S. pungens (HBK) DC, S. trichopus
(Benth.), S. ramentosus Cuatr., S. Stuebelii Hieron., S. flos-fragans
Cuatr. S, frigidophilus Cuatr.
\
Sect. Arbutoides Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae vel frutices, glabrae vel glabrescentes. Folia coriacea
parva viridia petiolata vel subsessilia, margine plus minusve dentata,
ad 1 cm. longa. Capitula radiata involucre campanulato. Inflores-
centia in brevibus paniculis corymbosis vel capitulis solitariis ad
terminationem ramusculorum.
Typus sectionis Senecio arbutifolius HBK.
Other species: S. ecuadoriensis Hier., S. Mutisii Cuatr., S. pichin-
chensis Greenm., S. myrsinites Turcz., S, flocculidens Schultz Bip.,
S. pachypus Greenm.
Sect. Ericoides Cuatr., sect. nov.
Frutices ramis (praecipue juvenilibus) plus minusve tomentosis.
Folia coriacea parviuscula anguste elliptico-oblonga vel linearia mar-
gine valde revoluta, subtus tomentosa. Capitula radiata pedunculata,
axilaria subterminalia solitaria vel pseud ocorymbos terminales forman-
tia.
Typus sectionis Senecio ericaefolius Benth.
Other species: S. apiculatus Wedd.
Sect. Triana Cuatr., sect. nov.
Fruticosae scandentes ramulis flexuosis tomentosis vel glabris.
Folia subcoriacea vel coriacea viridia plus minusve ovata mediocria
petiolata, minute venulosa vel elevato-reticulata. Capitula discoidea
parva in paniculis numerosis ramusculos terminantibus. Involucrum
glabrum.
Typus sectionis Senecio arboreus HBK
Other species: S* weinmannifolius Cuatr., S, Trianaei Klatt, S,
tamaensis Cuatr., 5. theaefolius Benth., S. diamantensis Cuatr., S.
antioquensis Cuatr., S, Archeri Cuatr., S. loretensis Cuatr., S. hachan-
us Cuatr.
72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Sect. Granata Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae vel frutices. Folia alterna petiolata (vel sessilia)
coriacea subtus tomentosa. Capitula discoidea involucre campanulato,
bracteis crassiusculis. Panicula corymbosa terminalis.
Typus sectionis Senecio colombianus Cuatr.
Other species: S. tolimensis Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., S. leioclados
Cuatr., 5. Caroli-tertii Cuatr., 5. andicola Turcz., 5. Reissianus
Hier., 5. vernicosus Sch. Bip., 5. nitidus (HBK) DC, 5. sclerosus
Cuatr.
Sect. Macbrideus Cuatr., sect. nov.
Suffrutescentes robustae elataeque vel frutices ramis robustis elon-
gatis foliosis glabris vel pubescentibus. Folia subcoriacea dentata.
Capitula radiata involucre campanulato. Inflorescentia elata thyrsoi-
deo-paniculata axillari-terminalis.
Typus sectionis Senecio Mac bride i Greenm.
Other species: 5. semidentatus Klatt (—aberrans Greenm., Kluggi
Greenm.), S. reflexus HBK, S. Cabrerae Cuatr., S. Vargasii Cabrera.
Sect. Praegynoxys Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae vel frutices. Folia subcoriacea alterna petiolata. In-
florescentia corymboso-paniculata terminalis. Capitula radiata. Stig-
mata conica.
Typus sectionis Senecio alternifolius (Sch. Bip. ex Rusby) Greenm.
Other species: S. Tuestae Cuatr., S. huanuconus Cuatr.
Sect. Paragynoxys Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae parce ramosae foliis grandis crasse coriaceis alternis.
Inflorescentia terminalis paniculata. Calyculus valde reductus. In-
volucrum 5-6 phyllis. Corolla alba limbo usque ad basim laciniato.
Capitula homogama, abortionem causa polygama vel dioica. Antherae
basi caudatae. Stigma apice plus minusve incrassatum conicum peni-
c ilia turn vel obtusum.
Typus sectionis Senecio neodendroides Cuatr.
Other species: S. meridanus Cuatr., S. venezuelae (Badillo) Cuatr.
Sect. Dendrophorbium Cuatr., sect. nov.
Arbusculae herbaceae vel suffrutescentes caule elato simplice vel
paulo ramoso. Folia alterna grandia petiolata chartacea dentata nervis
numerosis parallelis patulis. Inflorescentia terminalis corymboso-
paniculata magna floribunda. Capitula radiata. Stigma truncatum vel
obtusum. Involucrum breve, hemisphaerico-campanulatum.
Typus sectionis Senecio Silvani Cuatr.
Other species: S. Arboluco Cuatr., S. moscopanus Cuatr., S. sibun-
doyensis Cuatr., S, tipocochens is Domke, S. Dielsii Domke, S. ingens
STUDIES ON ANDEAN COMPOSITAE-II 73
Benoist, 5. balsapampae Cuatr., S. Pu.ru.ru Cuatr., 5. lloensis Hier.,
5. multinervis Sch. Bip., 5. Goods peedii Cuatr., S. unduavianus Cuatr.,
S* ayopayensis Cuatr.
Sect. REFLEXUS Cuatr. Fieldiana, Bot. 27:51
Suffrutices vel fruticuli parvi, basi plerumque ramosi prostrati, ramis
foliosis erectis foliis coriaceis alternis. Capitula discoidea. Calycu-
lus plus minus ve pluriseriatis, gradatim in involucrum pluriseriatum
commutatus. Monocephala vel oligocephala.
Typus sectionis Senecio superandinus Cuatr., (Culcitium reflexum
(HBK).
Other species: S. gelidus Wedd., S. quitensis Cuatr., S. viridi-albus
Cuatr., S. neoascendens Cuatr., S. guicanensis Cuatr., 5. lingulatus
(Schlect.) Cuatr., S. Gargantanus Cuatr., S. puracensis Cuatr., S.
Pavonii (Wedd.) Cuatr., Culcitium Sodiroi Hieron., S. Culciklattii
Cuatr., S. romeroides Cuatr.
Sect. Hypsobates Cuatr., sect. nov.
Herbaceae glabrae vel puberulae. Folia elliptico-linearia, elongata,
basilaria rosulata viridia. Kami fertiles scapiformes. Capitula dis-
coidea solitaria vel pauca. Involucrum glabrum. Calyculus pluri-
seriatus plus minusve in involucrum commutatus.
Typus sectionis Senecio hypsobates Wedd.
Other species: S. supremus Cuatr., S. tephrosioides Turcz., S.
Chionogeton Wedd., S, subdecurrens Sch. Bip., 5. serratifolius (Meyen
et Walp.) Cuatr., S. timidus Cuatr., S. punasessilis Cuatr.
Sect. CULCITIUM (H. & B.) Cuatr. Fieldiana Bot. 27:50
Herbaceae, foliis basilaribus plerumque linearibus vel elongatis,
rosulatis subrosulatis vel fasciculatis, dense albo tomentoso-lanatis.
Capitula discoidea. Calyculus mult ibrac teat us gradatim in involucrum
pluriseriatum commutatus. Bracteae involucri calyculique angustae.
Oligocephalae.
Typus sectionis Senecio canescens (H. & B.). Cuatr. (Culcitium
rufescens H. et B. and Culcitium canescens H. et B.).
Other species: S. canescens (H. et B.) Cuatr., S. cocuyanus Cuatr.,
S. santanderensis Cuatr., S. nivalis (HBK) Cuatr., 5. Haenkeanus
Cuatr., 5. le ucophorbius Cuatr.
Sect. LATIFLORUS Cuatr. Fieldiana Bot. 27:51
Herbaceae foliis basilaribus elongato-ellipticis vel lanceolatis plus
minusve rosulatis vel fasciculatis. Inflorescentia paniculata. Capi-
tula radiata. Calyculus multibracteatus gradatim in involucrum pluri-
seriatum commutatus. Plantae adpresse albo-lanatae.
Typus sectionis Senecio latiflorus Wedd.
Other species: S. niveo-aureus Cuatr., S. almorzaderonis , Cuatr.
74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Sect. Culcitiopsis Cuatr., sect. nov.
Herbaceae foliis linearibus basilaribus fasciculatis vel rosulatis
supra viridibus subtus albo-tomentosis. Capitula discoidea vel radiata
paniculata. Involucrum glabrum vel subglabrum calyculo pluriseriati
bracteis gradatim in involucrum commutatis.
Typus sectionis Senecio summus Cuatr.
Subsectio Discoidei Cuatr. nova; capitulis discoideis.
Typus subsectionis: Senecio summus Cuatr.
Other species: S, culcitioides Wedd., S. subculcitioides Cuatr.
Subsectio Radiati Cuatr. nova; capitulis discoideis.
Typus subsectionis: Senecio comosus Wedd.
Other species: S. Soukuppii Cuatr.
Sect. BRACHYPAPPUS (Sch. Bip.) Benth. & Hook.
Senecio magellanicus H. et A., S. vaginae folius Sch. Bip. (S. dasy-
phyllus Cuatr., Culcitium dasyphyllum Gaud.), 5. culcitenellus Cuatr.
(Culcitium tenellum Dusen, C. sessile Speg., Senecio neosessilis
Cuatr.), S. Gillies ii Hook. (C. Poeppigi DC., S. Poeppigii Wedd.),
S. candidans DC. (C. Gayanum Reray).
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III
Previous parts of this series were published in Lloydia, Vol. XI:
185 and in Fieldiana, Botany, Vol. 27:55. The drawings were made by
Gustavo Rojas, while he collaborated with me as artist in the
"Comisio'n Bota'nica del Valle (Cali, Colombia).
BRUNELLIACEAE
Brunellia velutina Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor grandis. Rarauli terminales robusti tetragoni dense velutino-
tomentosi in sicco brunnescentes. Gemae et rami foliaque juveniles
dense crasseque velutini. Stipulae crasse lineares arcuatae 3-4 mm.
longae velutinae deciduae.
Folia opposita imparipinnata magna (40-80 cm. longa), 3-2 jugis
stipulata. Petiolus robustus 14-22 cm. longus teres basi paulo in-
crassatus, dense velutino-tomentosus sicut rhachis. Foliola coriacea
opposita petiolulata stipulata petiolulo crasso lateralibus 3-6 mm.
longo terminale 30-40 ram. longo. Lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica
basi late rotundata vel subtruncata vel superne obtuse cuneata paulo
asymmetrica, apice paulo angustata acutaque vel rotundata, margine
dentato-s errata, 12-28 cm. longa 10-17 cm. lata; supra griseo-viridis
nervis tomentosis reliqua pubescens; subtus ochraceo-viridis, in sicco
pallido-badia, tomentosa, nervatura velutina, costa crassa eminenti,
nervis lateralibus prominentibus 14-20 utroque latere patulis marginem
versus paulo arcuatis, nervis tertiis transversis parallelis elevatis,
reliquis nervulis minutum reticulum formantibus. Rhachis internodia
5-9 cm. longa.
Inflorescentiae axillares cymoso-paniculatae floribundae 14-26 cm.
expansae, ramis principalibus dichasialis reliquis dichotomis, pedun-
culo robusto 4-6 cm. longo, subteres paulo striato dense tomentoso-
velutino, ramulis tomentoso-hirtis. Flores feminei pentameri subses-
siles glomerati. Saepius quinque sepala triangularia 1.8-2 mm. longa
villoso-tomentosa decem stamina sterilia quam sepala breviora et
quinque carpella hirsutula ovalia 1.2 mm. longa dorso longe stylata.
Aliquando tetramera vel tantum 4 carpella evoluta. Folliculi sub-
rotundati paulo compressi tomentosi 2.2-2.5 mm. diam., stylo 1 mm.
longo remanenti monospermi, saepe quinque uniformiter stellate dis-
positi. Semina subrotundata leviter compressa carinataque, 1.8 mm.
lat. brunneo-rubra nitentia, maturitate exserta cum funiculo robusto.
Type: Colombia, Dept. Valle. Cordillera Occidental: Hoya del rfo
Dfgua: rio San Juan, 1300-1500 m.alt., abajo de ^ueremal ktos. 52-53,
colect. 24-111-1947 J. Cuatrecasas 23953^ "Gran^ arbol. Hoja sub-
coriacea, verde gris en el haz, verde ocracea enves. Flores verdes.
75
76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Fruto pardusco. Semillas pardo rojizas, brillantes."
!i rune Ilia velutina is characterized by its large leaves with tomen-
tose, velvet rhachis and robust petioles, soft toraentose leaflets,
velvety young organs, and small flowers and fruits.
Rrunellia hygrothermica Cuatr. , sp. nov.
Arbor 10-15 met. alta caule 20-25 cm. diam. ligno albo, ramulis
fuscis glabris.
Folia opposita imparipinnata magna (50-100 cm. longa) 3-4 jugis,
longe petiolata. Petiolus robustus 18-40 cm. longus teres sublaevis
glaber sicut rhachis. Foliola coriacea opposita petiolulata, petiolulo
in lateralibus 8-12 mm. longo in terminale 3-5.5 cm. longo. Lamina
subelliptico-oblonga basi asymmetrica rotundata vel obtusa apice
abrupte angustata breviter apiculata terminalis ovata basi cuneata
symmetrica apice obtusa vel acutiuscula, margine grosse serrato-
crenata, 17-28 cm. longa 7-13 cm. lata; supra viridis vel atroviridis
laevis glabra nervo medio secundariisque impressis venulis reticulatis
plus minusve conspicuis; subtus albo-cinerea minute tomentulosa,
costa valde prominenti nervis lateralibus 15-18 utroque latere promi-
nentibus paulo arcuato-ascendentibus, nervulis transversis cum venulis
prominulis in reticulum anastomosatis.
Inflorescentiae axillares vel subterminales valde evolutae floribun-
dae cymoso-paniculatae 30-60 cm. longae et latae, pedunculo valde
robusto laevi glabro paulo compresso 10-20 cm. longo. Kami ramulique
valde ramificati subdivaricati aurantiaco-viriduli extremes versus
puberuli vel subglabri. Ramusculi ultimi tenues, pedicellis circa 1
mm. longis puberulis. F lores masculi (vel hermaphroditi) 5 sepalis
valvatis deltoideis 2 mm. longis basi coalitis, luteolo-viridulis, extus
parce minuteque puberulis intus sparse villosulis, 10 staminibus
sepala aequilongis vel paulo excedentibus dimidia pane inferiore fila-
mentorum villosa, antheris cordato-ellipticis 0.8 mm. longis dorso
affixis. 5 carpellis liberis rudimentaribus ovario villoso stylo elongate
subulate glabro, aliquando bene evolutis 3 fertilibus monospermis vidi.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle; Costa del Pacffico, rio Cajambre:
Barco 80 met. alt., 26-F/-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 17156. "Arbol
10 met. Tallo 20 cm. diam., corteza gris ocracea clara. Madera
blanca. Inflorescencias axilares opuestas con ramitas verdoso ana-
ranjadas. Perianto amarillo verdoso. Anteras id. Hoja semicoriacea,
verde oscura brillante haz, bianco cencienta enves." (F.)
Cotype: Id. id. rio Cajambre: Quebrada de Ordonez 5 met. alt.,
colect. l-V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 17278. "Arbol 15 met. Corteza pardo
oscura. Madera blanca, ligera. Hoja imparipinada, verde haz, blanca
enves. Flores, pedunculo y perianto amarillo verdoso. Anteras
parduscas." (F.)
Other specimen: Rio Dagua, Cordoba, Lehmann 2933 (US).
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 77
Brunellia hygrothermica is different from all other known species of
the genus, but it can be related to B. comocladifolia H. et B. It is
characterized by its large primate leaves which are glabrous on the
upper side and shortly tomentose beneath, by its large inflorescences
with less divaricate branchlets (angles of 45 or more acute), and the
large number of small flowers with a barely puberulent perianth. The
petioles and peduncles of the inflorescence are glabrous and the
branchlets slightly pubescent. These features surely are a result of
adaption of this species to its exceptional ecology. Unlike the other
species of the genus which are Andean this Brunellia lives in the
heart of a hygrothermic rain-forest.
Brunellia ecuadoriensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Ramuli terminales compress i striati minute tomentosi.
Folia opposita imparipinnata subcoriacea 25-40 cm. longa, 4-5 jugis.
Petiolus 12-15 cm. longus subteres dense tomentosus. Foliola sub-
sessilia elliptico-lanceolata apicem versus angustata acuminata basi
obtusa asymmetrica margine dentato serrata, 8-13 cm. longa, 2-3 lata;
supra subglabra costa angusta impressa nervis lateralibus conspicuis;
subtus tomentosa costa eminenti nervis lateralibus 14-18 utroque
latere pro mine ntibus, nervulis venulisque reticulatis. Rhachis inter-
nodia 2-5 cm. longa dense tomentosa.
Inflorescentiae axillares cymoso-paniculatae ad 8 cm. latae in speci-
mine, pedunculo robusto 3-7.5 cm. longo dense tomentoso, ramulis
primariis secundariisque crassiusculis tomentosis, reliquis valde re-
ductis hirsuto-toraentosis floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus con-
glomeratis. Flores masculi 5 sepalis ovato-triangularibus 3.5 ram.
longis tomentello-hirsutis, 10 staminibus quam sepalis longioribus
filamentis basi dilatatis hirsutis superne glabris rudimentibus carpel-
larum hirsutis.
Type: Ecuador: W. Andes of Cuenca, collected Lehmann 5610 (F).
R. ecuadoriensis is closely related to B, comocladifolia H. & B. for
which it has been mistaken. It differs from the latter by its narrower,
acuminate leaflets and the structure of its inflorescences of which
only the primary and secondary branchlets are elongated whereas the
remaining ones are shorter and the flowers are therefore glomerated.
The flowers are larger and the sepals tomentose-hirsute . These
characters also differentiate this species from B, dichapetaloides
Macbr. B. sibundoya Cuatr. is also closely related, but has larger,
broader leaflets with a rotundate base, smaller sepals and a ramose-
divaricate inflorescence.
VIOLACEAE
Leonia triandra Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor grandis, cortice rugoso-brunnescenti sectione ochraceo, ligno
luteolo-ochraceo. Ramuli pallido-brunnescentes plus minusve peri-
78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
dermati glabri.
Folia alterna coriacea griseo-viridia vel atroviridia glabra. Pseudo-
petiolus 5-10 mm. longus basi incrassatus. Lamina lanceolato-
elliptica vel obovato-elliptica basi anguste cuneaca in ad modum
petioli attenuata apice angustata acuta 14-24 cm. longa, 4.5-8 cm. lata
margine integra; supra subnitens costa prominenti nervis lateralibus
14-16 utroque latere prominentibus arcuato-ascendentibus marginem
versus anastomosatis nervulis bene prominulis reticulatis; subcus
costa crassa nervis secundariis prominentibus reticulo venulorum
prominulo.
Inflorescentiae axillares dichotomic o-cymosae ramis tenuibus divari-
catis ramulis teneribus brachiatis minute puberulis. Pedicelli 3-8 mm.
longi. Calyx viridis subcupuliformis 1-1.2 mm. longus pubescens 5-
lobatis lobulis rotundatis ciliatis. Petala 5 lutea libera quincuncialia
crassa leviter inaequalia lineari-oblonga apice obtusa aliqua sub-
cucullata, 2-3 mm. longa 1 ram. lata. Filamenta in tubum brevem cupu-
liforinem dentatum membranaceum 0.4 mm. altum coalita. Antherae 3
liberae magnae bilobatae circa 0.8 mm. longae et latae, connective
valde crasso apice saccos polliniferos transverse dehiscentes pro-
ducto. Ovarium ovato-acuminatum 1-2 mm. longum extus 6-sulcatum.
Stigma subsessile anguste pyramidatum.
Fructus rotundus 5-6 cm. diaro. pericarpio brunneo-viridi, maturitate
ochraceo-aurantiaco carnoso 10 mm. crasso, endocarpio gelatinoso-
succulento luteolo. Semina pluria elliptico-polygonalia circa 18 mm.
longa.
Type: Colombia: Dept. El Valle, Costa del Pacffico: no Cajambre,
San Isidro 5-100 m. alt., colect. V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 17351. "Arbol
8 met. Tallo 12 cm. diam. Corteza pardusca, rugulosa, seccion
ocracea. Madera ocracea. Hoja coriacea, flexible, verde grisaceo
medio. Pedunculo y caliz verdes. Corola amarilla. Fruto ocraceo-
anaranjado, 5.5-6 cm., pericarpo carnoso suculento 10 mm. espesor.
Semillas + 18 mm. long, poligonales envueltas en pulpa y gelatina
amarillenta."
Cotype: Colombia: Dept. El Valle, Costa del Pacffico: ru> Cajam-
bre: Silva, 80 m. alt., colect. J. Cuatrecasas 173J73. "Arbol 20 mejt.
Tallo ^ 30 cm. diam. Corteza rugosa, pardo ocracea claro, seccion
ocracea, dificilmente separable en fragmentos. Madera astillosa de
subido color amarillo ocraceo. Hoja coriacea, verde oscura haz, claro
enves. Caliz verde. Corola amarilla. Frutos 4.5 cm. diam. cubiertos
de una capa densamente escamosa, sepia verdosa (inmaturos). Peri-
carpo carnoso. Endocarpo blando, amarillo." (F.)
Other specimens: Colombia, Dept. El Valle id. id. rib Cajambre:
Barco 80 m. alt., colect. IV-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 16999. "Arbol 20
met. Tallo 15 cm. diam. Hoja semicoriacea verde grisacea. Fruto 5
cm. diam. pericarpo verde pardusco de 8 mm. espesor endocarpo ama-
rillo, semiblando, mantecoso, con varias semillas." (F.) Colombia,
Dept. Caldas, Cordillera Occidental: Pueblo Rico, Santa Cecilia
1700-1900 m. alt., colect. 24-XI-1945 K. V. Sneidern 5166 (F.)
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 79
Leonia triandra differs considerably from the other Leoniae by hav-
ing 3 stamens and a trimerous gynaecera. Each anther is a rotundate,
elliptical, thick, bilobate body which bears the pollinia at the apex,
the filaments form a short membranous, dentate tube at the interior
margin of which the anthers are inserted. This species looks like
L. cymosa Mart, but it has larger, more rigid leaves with more robust
veins and larger fruits.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex farallonensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula ramulis pallido-viridibus, glaberrima.
Folia simplicia alterna crassa coriacea petiolata. Petiolus crassus
5 mm. longus, supra sulcatus. Lamina obovato-elliptica vel elliptica
apice rotundata vel obtusissima basi obtuse cuneata margine levisslme
revoluta repando minutissimeque dentata (3-4 dentibus utroque latere),
3-4.5 cm, longa, 17-3 cm. lata; supra atroviridis, in sicco pallidior,
costa 3-4 nervis lateralibusque paulo prominulis; subtus pallido-
viridis fusco-punctata costa prominent! nervis lateralibus inmersis
leviter conspicuis.
Flores feminei in foliorum axillis fasciculati, 4-9, puncto insertionis
tuberculato bracteolato. Bracteolae minutae crassiusculae triangulares
vel lanceolatae 1 mm. longae. Pedicelli rigidi 4-6 mm. longi. Calyx
pallid o-virid is 4 lobulis obtusiusculis glabris, 1-1.2 mm. altus. Petala
viridi-pallida 4 oblongo-elliptica obtusa 3 mm. longa, 1.4 mm. lata.
Stamina 4 sterilia 1.2 mm. longa. Ovarium 2 mm. longum apice angus-
tatum stigmate capitate.
Fructus elliptic us 5 mm. longus 4 mm. latus brevissime apiculatus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle; Cordillera Occidental, Los Farallones
de Cali: Quebrada del Raton: Mina El Diamante 2950-3000 m. alt.,
colect. 30-VH-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 21775. "Arbolito ramas divari-
cadas. Hoja coriacea, rigida, verde oscura haz, verde enves. Perianto
bianco verdoso." (F.)
Cotype: Same locality, Cuatr. 21766. "Arbusto. Hoja gruesa,
coriacea rigida, verde mate haz, verde clara enves." Specimen with
fruits. (F.)
I. farallonensis is related to /. caniensis Macbr. from which it differs
by its thicker leaves with fewer and less marked veins, minute and
more remote teeth, rotundate apex, and by being completely glabrous.
Ilex velutinulosa Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramulis terminalibus crassiusculis angulatis minute tomen-
tulosis.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata crasse coriacea glabra. Petiolus
crassus 5-10 cm. longus supra pianos subtus carinatus basi incrassa-
tus. Lamina obovato-elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica apice rotundata
80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
basi obtuse cuneata, 3-5.5 cm. longa, 1.8-2.4 cm. lata, margine paulo
incrassato revoluta vel plana crenato-serrata dentibus acutis parvis
distantibus; supra tantum nervo medio paulo conspicuo superficie
laevis minutissime papillosula aspectu velutino; subtus costa promi-
nent! nervis lateralibus circa 5 utroque latere patulis vix conspicuis
vel inmersis, superficie laevis pallida epunctata.
Flores feminei in foliorum axillis fasciculati. Pedicelli (in speci-
mine fructiferi) 5-7 mm. longi, rigidi crassiusculi minute hirsuti pilis
crass iusculis acutis. Calyx 4-4.5 mm. diam., 4 lobatus lobis rotunda-
tis, subglaber. Petala ovata acutiuscula 4 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata.
Stamina sterilia angusta 1.8 mm. longa. Ovarium ellipticum tomentello-
velucinum stigmate discoideo-capitato laeve glabro. Fructus ellipticus
velutinus 7 mm. longus 5 mm. diam.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Santander: Mountains east of Las Vegas alt.
3000-3300 m., collect. Dec. 1926 E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 15867.
(US.)
/. velutinulosa is closely related to /. gale Triana, but differs from
that species by its fasciculate flowers, tomentose pedicels, and its
more elliptical, crenate-serrate leaves which have a papillose epider-
mis of velutinous appearance on the upper side.
Ilex flosparva Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor, ramulis terminalibus plus minusve flexuosis glabris pallido-
viridibus.
Folia simplicia alterna subcoriacea rigidulabreviter petiolata glabra.
Petiolus 2-4 mm. longus crassiusculus rigidus. Lamina obovata apice
rotundata sed abrupte apiculata, basi cuneata margine Integra vel
levissime obsoleteque crenata 8-12 cm. longa 4-7 cm. lata apiculo
5-15 mm. longo obtusiusculo, utrinque griseo viridis, in sicco griseo-
pallida, supra nervo medio bene signato lateralibus impressis, subtus
minute sparseque fusco punctata costa elevata nervis lateralibus 4-6
utroque latere prominentibus ascendentibus arcuatis prope raarginem
parce reticulate anastomosatis , pare is nervulis prominulis, saepe
superficie leviter bullata.
Flores in cymulis brevibus caulinaribus vel axillaribus, solitariis
vel fasciculatis dispositi, puncto insertione tuberculato bracteolato.
Pedunculi tenues filiformes 2-5 mm. longi parce puberuli. Pedicelli
teneres 1-2 mm. longi. Calyx explanatus 2 mm. diam., lobis rotundatus
1 mm. latis margine leviter lacerato-ciliatis. Petala 4, 1.5 mm. longa
1 mm. lata, glabra minute papillosula. Antherae ellipticae grosse
bilobatae grandes. Ovarium sterile ovato-conicum.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle: Rib Calima (region del Choco): La
Trojita 50 met. alt., 2-IH-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16643. "Arbol.
Hoja verde grisa'cea oscura, cartacea, rigida. Flores caulinares
minusculas. Tallo 30 cm. dia'm. Corteza pardo oscura. Madera
blanquecina."
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 81
/. flosparva is characterized by its large and subcoriaceous, distant
and prominent veins forming a slightly bullate surface, its minute
flowers and cauline or axillary inflorescences which are commonly
solitary.
Ilex fructiclipeata Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex glaberrimus ramulis erectis paulo angulatis fuscis.
Folia alterna simplicia crasse coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 7-10
mm. longus. Lamina oblongo-elliptica apice attenuata obtuse apicu-
lata basi cuneata, margine leviter incrassato-revoluta subintegra
obsolete remoteque crenulata, 7-9 cm. longa 2.8-3.7 cm. lata, supra
costa conspicua ceteris laevis; subtus sparse fusco-punctata costa
crassa eminent! nervis lateralibus inmersis obsoletis.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae in foliorum axillis fasciculatae, racemi-
formes. Rhachis 1.5-3 cm. longis angulatis. Cymulae 1-3-florae
sessiles vel brevissime pedunculatae (pedunculo ad 1.5 mm.). Pedi-
celli 1-2 mm. longi. Calyx fructiferus 2 mm. diam., 4-lobatus lobis
rotundatus margine breviter ciliatis. Drupa violacea rotundata 3 mm.
lata apice stigmate depresso discoideo-clipeato adpresso coronata.
Nuculae 4, trigona 2-2.2 mm. longa 1.2 ram. lata.
Type: Colombia, Comisaria del Vaupes: Cerro de Chiribiquete a
un lado del rio Macaya, terreno muy pedregoso. Colect. 17-1-1944
G. Gutie'rrez & R. E. Schultes 680. "Arbustico. Frutos morados."
(Facultad Agronomia Medellin).
/. fructiclipeata is closely related to /. laureola Tr., /. Martiniana
D. Don, and /. affinis, which differ very little from it. /. fructiclipeata
is most similar to /. laureola Tr. because its leaves have only a
prominent midrib. But my species seems to differ from the others by
the stigma of the fruits which is thin, flat, disciform and completely
attached to the depressed apex of the fruit like a flat shield. From
/. laureola it differs also by its shorter, thicker pedicels and almost
complete absence of secondary branchlets. From /. affinis it differs
by the thicker pedicels and the leaves.
CELASTRACEAE
Celastrus colombianus Cuatr., nom. nov.
Ilex scandens Cuatr., Lloydia 11:214 (1948).
After examining unopened flowers, in better condition than those I
studied previously, I can now say that they possess a well" developed
disc not seen previously. The original description must be corrected
as follows:
Pedicelli florales 0-3 mm. longi. Sepala 5 ovata glabra margine
eroso-ciliata obtusa vel subobtusa 1.2 mm. longa. Petala 5 suborbicu-
laria praefloratione 1 mm. diam. margine minute erosa. Discus cras-
siusculus 5 lobatus. Ovarium ovato-conicum striatum, crasse stylato-
82 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
apiculatum apice trilobatum.
C. colombianus differs from C. racemosus (Reiss) Loes. by its cori-
aceous cuneate leaves which have ascendent veins, its shorter and
simpler inflorescences with thicker and shorter pedicels, and its non
verrucose-lenticellate branchlets.
Ma> tenus meridensis (Pittier) Cuatr., nov. comb.
Celastrus meridensis Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cien. Nat. 3:423.
I think that my collections 1831 and 1813 from La Uvita (Boyaca,
Colombia) belong to this species in spite of slight differences in the
shape of the leaf which is more elliptical, thicker, and more crenate.
But variations can be seen in my specimens as well as in the isotypes
(Gehriger 298). The species was described in flowering condition
whereas my specimens are in fruit. They bear elliptical, bright yellow
seeds (about 1 cm. long.) surrounded by a red arillus. My specimens
were obtained from trees, justifying their inclusion in the genus
May tenus.
In his "Catalogo de la Flora de Venezuela" 2:96 Pittier lists M.
meridensis Pitt, without description and reference to k. This name is
attributed to Gehriger 296, a collection which I have not seen. Thus
Pittier's name is a nomen nudum; it cannot be referred to Celastrus
meridensis Pittier, because the latter appears on the next page of the
same "Catalogo".
SAPINDACEAE
Paullinia martinensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis fuscis ramulis subteretibus viridi-griseis pubescentibus
ligno simplici.
Folia 5-foliolato-pinnata 15-25 cm. longa, rhachi nuda (petiole
incluso) ad 12 cm. longa, pubescent!. Folio la petiolulata chartacea
ovata vel oblongo-ovata vel terminalia subrhomboidea, basi rotundata
vel truncata vel obtusa terminalia cuneata, apice acuta, margine supe-
riore parte 2-3 grosse dentata vel integra; supra nervis principalibus
paulo conspicuis pubescentibus reliqua subglabra vix prominule reticu-
lata; subtus hirsutulo-pubescentia costa erainenti nervis lateralibus
5-6 utroque latere prominentibus, nervulis minus conspicuis laxe
reticulatis 4.5-8 cm. longa, 2.5-5 cm. lata. Petioluli 2-6 mm. longi,
terminalis ad 12 mm. longus. Stipulae lineares pubescentes 5-10 ram.
longae.
Inflorescentiae axillares thyrsis congeste glomeratis sessilibus
10-15 cm. latis rhachi ramulisque pubescentibus. Pedicelli 0.1-3 mm.
longi pubescentes teneres. Calyx 5 sepalis, duobus exterioribus late
ovatis obtusis pubescentibus 3 mm. longis, interioribus subrotundatis
paulo longioribus puberulis. Petala 4 elliptico-oblonga obtusa glabra;
squamae petala dimidia aequantes sed latiores apendice lingulato-
rotundato deflexo levker barbato superiores crista bilobata, inferiores
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI 83
Integra obliqua munitae. Discus tomentosus 2 glandulis oblongis
crassiusculis 1 mm. longis inferne barbulatis. Stamina filamentis
compressis pilosis antheris ellipticis. Ovarium dense hispidum apice
3 stylos crassiueculos glabros ferente.
Typus: Peru, Dept. San Martin, Prov. San Martin, Tarapoto, alt. 830
m., collect. Febr. 24, 1947 Felix Woytkowski 35160. (F.)
Like in P.alata (R. & P.) Don., the inflorescences of P. martinensis
are characterized by forming axillary glomerules. But in P. martinen-
sis the branches are not winged and contain a simple wood system. It
differs from other species by its narrow linear stipules and pubescent
leaves, whose rhachis lacks wings.
LECYTIDACEAE
EschweiJera cincta Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor grandis. Caulis 30 cm. diam. cortice brunneo-rubescenti plus
minusve fissa, ligno luteo duro. Ramuli rugosi sparse lenticellati
grisei.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea subglabra apice ramulorum
subfasciculato congesta. Petiolus robustus 2-4 cm. longus striolulatus
supra subplanus minutissime sparse puberulus basi incrassatus et
ampliatus. Lamina obovato-lanceolata basi obtuse cuneata apice
acutata margine integra vel obsolete crenulato dentata; 13-29 cm. longa
4.5-11 cm. lata; supra siccitate griseo-viridis costa paulo prominula
nervis lateralibus reticulo venuloruro vix conspicuis; subtus brunneo-
viridula costa elevata striata nervis lateralibus parallelis 17-20 utroque
latere prominentibus patulis prope marginem abrupte arcuatis evanes-
centibusque anastomosatis, nervulis venulisque prominulis in minutum
reticulum anastomosatis, glandulis puntiformibus fuscis valde sparsis,
glabra sed costa basim versus minutissime puberula.
Inflorescentiae terminates racemosae simplices rhachi valde robusta
(in statu fructifero tantum visa) tomentosa circa 6 cm. longa 5 mm.
diam. striolulata 10-12 fructos longe pedicellatos parte media supe-
riore ferenti. Pedicelli fructiferi robust! 3-4.5 cm. longi 3 mm. crassi
ferrugineo-tomentosi. Fructi globoso-depressi maximi 8 cm. diametro,
5.5-6 cm. alti, basi subturbinati apice subrotundati umbonati, zona
calycaris pattern mediam fructum cingens margine libera coriacea 2-3
mm. lata, vitta interzonale 2-3 mm. lata, subtus tomentosi supra glabri;
septi 2-5, semina plerumque 5 interdum 3-2. Pericarpium crassum
lignosum. (Fig. 1)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Hoya del rio Sanquinini lado izquier-
do: La Laguna bosques 1250-1400 m. alt. colect. 14-XII-1943 J.
Cuatrecasas 15531. "Arbol. Tallo 30 cm. diam. Corteza pardo
rojiza, escamoso agrietada. Madera dura, amarilla. Hoja coriacea.
Frutos esferoidal aplanados con borde ecuatorial saliente. Pixidios
inmaturos verdes con 2 o mas semillas."
84
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
FIGURE 1. Eschweilera cincta (x 1/2)
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 85
Cotype: Id. id. id., colect. 19-XII-1943 J. Cuatrecasas 15645. "Ar-
bol grande. Corteza pardo grisacea, semilisa, algo agrietada. Madera
dura, ocre. Frutos 8 cm. lat. 5.5-6 cm. alt."
Eschweilera cicta is characterized by the structure of its long,
nearly fascicular leaves and its depressed, rotundate fruits which
show a narrow interzonal belt with a fairly broad, slightly lobate edge,
derived from the calyx.
Eschweilera oligosperma Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 10 met. alta. Caulis 10 cm. diam. Ramuli fusci vel grisei
terminales penduli.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea glabra pendula. Petiolus
8-12 mm. longus crass us subteres. Lamina elliptico-oblonga sub-
lanceolata, basi lata obtusa apice angustato-cuspidata margine integra
vel obsolete repando-dentata, 19-34 cm. longa 4-7.5 cm. lata, caudicula
12-25 mm. longa; supra in sicco viridula costa prominula nervis later-
alibus nervulisque obsolete prominulis; subtus siccitate cinereo-
viridula costa valde eminent! nervis lateralibus principalibus 18-22
utroque latere 10-20 mm. inter eos remotis anguste prominentibus
patulis marginem versus ascendentibus et evanescenti-anastomosatis,
nervulis venisque prominulis graciliter reticulatis glandulis puncti-
formibus fuscis copiosis spars is munita.
Rhachi fructiferi caulinares teneres penduli vel flexuosi badi tuber-
culato-lenticellati pedicellis residualis parcis valde remotis (circa
3 cm. inter se distantibus). Pyxidium sphaeroideo-depressum basi
depresso-rotundatum apice subplano-rotundatum, superficie rugoso-
verruculosa fusca 6-5 cm. diam., 5 cm. altum zona calycaris infra
partem mediam, vitta interzonale latitudine variabili praecipue 8 mm.
lata, pericarpio 3 mm. crasso spongioso-lignoso, loculo unico tantum
rudimentum unicum septum (biloculari) visibile. Semina magna tantum
2 hemisphaerica vel 1 subglobosa in fructo evoluta. (Fig. 2)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico: rib YurumanguT:
Veneral bosques 10-50 met. alt. 3-II-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas
15822. "Arbolito 10 met. Tallo 10 cm. diam. Frutos color pardo."
E. oligosperma is readily distinguished by its elongate, coriaceous,
acuminate leaves and the rotundate, compressed fruits with a belt
located slightly below the middle. The fruit has the singular feature
of containing only one or two seeds and a very small rudimentary one.
Eschweilera lancifolia Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor. Ramuli penduli cortice fibroso fusco tuberculoso-lenticellati
glabri.
Folia simplicia alterna crasse coriacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus
subteres 7-10 ram. longus crass iusculus. Lamina lanceolata basi
subrotundata vel obtusa apicem versus attenuata acutissima, margine
integra leviter revoluta 11-20 cm. longa, 3-7 cm. lata; supra laevis
tantum costa prominula reliquis nervis immersis obsoletis; subtus
86
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Fig. 2. Eschweilem oligosperma Cuatr., in rain forest of Yurumangui
river.
costa crassa prominent! nervis lateralibus 8-10 utroque latere sub-
ascendentibus subimraersis vix conspicuis, nervulis venulisque
s ubimmers is in reticulum pa rum visibilem anastomosatis, in sicco
supra plumbagineo-viridula subtus pallidissima.
Inflorescentia tenninalis subsimplex racemosa, rhachi subglabra
circa 8cm. longa basi 1-2 ramusculis tenuibus ad 10 mm. longis.
Pedicelli 2-5 mm. inter eos remoti, glabri fusci circa 6 mm. longi
erecti. Sepala 6 brevia coriacea ovata g la bra plus minusve granulosa
2.5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata. Receptaculum breve piano-conic urn glabrum
4 mm. diam. Petala alba 14-18 mm. longa, 10 mm. lata subrotundata
vel oblonga glabra. Androphorum lutescente circa 26 mm. longum
annulo fertile 8 mm. diam. ligula ad 8-10 mm. lata, processibus sta-
miniferis fertilibus apicem paulo incrassatis 2 mm. longis antheras
breviter pedicellatas ferentibus, processibus galericulae lanceolatis
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 87
circa 4 mm. longis. Ovarium biloculare loculis 6-ovulatis.
Type: Colombia, Comisarfa del Vaupes. Rio Vaupes: bosque in-
undado en la Laguna de Urania, abajo de Mitu, 200 m. alt., 18-DC-1939
colect. J. Cuatrecasas 6891. "Arbol. Ramas colgantes. F lor a mar ilia
y blanca, caidas flotan en el agua."
E. lancifolia is closely related to E, paniculata (Berg.) Miers but
differs at first sight by its lanceolate leaves, the glabrous calyx (not
ferrugineous-tomentose like the type of E. paniculata) with short
sepals, and its glabrous pedicels.
Eschweilera inaequisepala Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor raagna. Ramuli cortice fibroso obscure griseo tuberculati
glabri.
Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus rigidus
6-12 mm. longus glaber supra sulcatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga vel
elliptico-lanceolata basi rotundata vel obtusissima apice plus minusve
abrupte acuminata acuta vel cuspidata, margine minute crenulato-
serrata parce revoluta; 10-20 cm. longa, 3-8.5 cm. lata; supra costa
prominula nervis secundariis capillaribus venisque parum prominulis
minute reticulatis; subtus costa crassa eminent! nervis secundariis
10-14 utroque latere angustis prominent ibus patulis margine m versus
curvato-ascendentibus extremis tenuioribus anastomosatis reliquis
nervis venulisque parum prominulis in reticulum anastomosatis, punc-
tis glandulosis fuscis satis copiosis praedita.
Inf lore see ntia terminalis racemosa simplex vel subsimplex rhachis
ad 8 cm. longa angulata minute puberula cicatricibus pedicellorum 1-5
mm. inter eos distantibus. Pedicelli longi patuli minute pubescent!
8-16 mm. longi apice subite ampliati. Receptaculum breve conico-
planum minute pubescenti, supra 5-5.5 mm. diam. Sepala 6, vel inter-
dum 7, quator (vel 5) minora inaequalis 3*4 ram. longa, 3 mm. lata,
ovalia, duo oblongiora 4.5-6 mm. longa, minutissime puberulenta.
Petala alba glabra 6 ovata, 24-26 mm. longa 15-20 mm. lata. Andro-
phorum 45 mm. longum, annulo fertile 10 mm. diam. ligula 11-12 mm.
lata, process ibus staminiferis fertilibus 2 mm. longis vix incras satis
antheribus subsessilibus, processibus galericulae 5 mm. longis.
Ovarium biloculare subinferum loculis 8-9 ovulatis.
Type: Colombia, Comisaria del Vaupes: Ma'rgenes del rib Cuduyarf
(afluente izquierda del rio Vaupes, abajo de Mitu) 200 m. alt. 15-IX-
1939 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 6820. "Gran arbol. Flor blanca ."
E, inaequisepala is closely related to E. odora (Poepp.) Miers and
E. acuminatissima (Berg.) Miers, but essentially different in that 2
sepals are longer than the others which are somewhat unequal in
length; the lower side of the leaves are broadly reticulate and dotted
with minute glands. The inflorescence is simple or has a short basal
branchlet and its rhachis is minutely pulverulent like the petioles.
The leaves of E. acuminatissima are more slender, lack glands and are
more laxly and prominently reticulate on the upper side.
88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Eschweilera violacea Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 15 met. alta. Caulis 15 cm. diam. cortice sublaevi sectione
ochraceo ligno satis duro ochraceo. Ramuli terminal! folios! viridi-
brunnei leviter lenticellato-granulati.
Folia simplicia alterna membranaceo-coriacea rigida petiolata glauca
glaberrima. Petiolus 8-14 mm. longus satis robustis supra planus in
sicco sulcatus subtus teres. Lamina elliptica utrinque rotundata vel
subrotundata apice abrupte breviterque acuminata, margine obsolete
c re nula to- s errata, 13-21 cm. longa 6-11.5 cm. lata acumine 5-6 mm.
longo; siccitate pallido-viridula; supra costa paulo prorainula nervis
lateralibus reticuloque venulorum subprominulis; subtus costa crassa
elevata nervis lateralibus 12 utroque late re angustis prominentibus
arcuato ascendentibus ad marginem tenuioribus anastomosantibus,
nervulis venulisque reticulatis prorainulis, minutis punctis brunneis
spars is munita.
Inflorescentiae axillares breves simplices racemiformes conferti-
florae, rhachi vulgo 2-4 cm. longa (interdum ad 5.5 cm. longa) crassi-
uscula (3 mm. crassa) angulato-rugosa glabra. Pedicelli crassi breves
1.5-3 mm. longi, 1.5-2 mm. crassi 0.5-3 mm. inter eos remoti. Calyx
atroviridis glaber expansus 14-15 mm. diam. coriaceis dorso granulosis.
Receptaculum extus granuloso-tuberculatum, intus 7 mm. diam. Petala
6 violacea glabra obovato-elliptica vel obova to -ob longa 25-30 ram.
longa 14-18 mm. lata. Androphorum pallidum 4.5 cm. longum, basi
fertile annular! circa 12-15 mm. diam. parte ligulae nudae 2 cm. longa
16 mm. lata, parte laciniata circa 2 cm. longa et lata. Processus
galericuli steriles ad 7 mm. longi flavi, processus staminiferi fertiles
clavati 2 mm. longi antheris 0.8 mm. subellipticis brevissime stipita-
tis. Stylus conicus crassus 2.5 mm. longus. Ovarium 2-loculare
loculis 5-6 ovulatis.
Fructus circiter 12 cm. altus, 10 cm. latus pericarpio valde crasso
lignoso apice obtuso, seminibus (specimen unicum fragmento vidi) 6
regulariter verticillatis dorso sphaericis intra angulatis duas facies
planas 5-5.6 cm. altas habentibus. (Fig. 3)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, monte La
Guarida, filo de la Cordillera sobre La Carbonera (entre Las Brisas y
Alban) 1950-2000 m. alt. colect. 24-X-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 22501.
"Arbol 15 met. alt. Tallo 15 cm. diam. Corteza sublisa, seccion
ocracea. Hoja coriacea, delgada rigida, verde azuloso semimate.
Caliz verde oscuro. Petalos violetas, ext. violado cardenos. Lacinias
estaminales bianco amarillentas. Capullos morados." (F.)
E. violacea is characterized by its medium sized, elliptic, rigid, and
finely reticulate leaves, its short inflorescences with a rather thick
rhachis and shortly pedicellate and crowded flowers, its thick ovate,
obtuse green sepals, and its large violet petals. The fruit described
was found on the ground in the vicinky of the tree. This species is
similar to E. coriacea (DC.) Mart, and others of the Sec. Chytroma,
but £. violacea is distinguished by being a Euschweilera and by the
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI
89
FIGURE 3. Eschweilera violacea Cuatr. (buds and flowers x -1/3,
stamens x 6).
90 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
characters of its inflorescence. E. Ciroana Kunth has smaller leaves
and slender inflorescences with longer pedicellate and scattered
flowers.
Eschweilera montana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 20 met. alta. Caulis 50 cm. diara. cortice crasso eztus rugoso-
squamoso brunneo ligno duro. Ramuli fusci glabri plus minusve
lenticellati.
Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacea petiolata viridula glaberrima.
Petiolus 12-20 mm. longus robustus 2.5-6 mm. latus supra planus sub-
tus teres. Lamina elliptica interdum elliptic o-oblonga, utrinque rotun-
data vel subrotundata apice abrupte acuteque apiculata basi levissime
decurrens, margine obsolete crenato-dentata, 15-25 cm. longa, 7-14.5
cm. lata, acumine 3-6 mm. longo; supra costa prominula nervis laterali-
bus plus minusve depressis reticulo venulorum subprominulo con-
spicuo; subtus costa valida crassa nervis lateralibus anguste promi-
nentibus 10-11 utroque latere ascendentibus marginem versus arcuatis
evanescente anastomosantibus nervulis prominulis reticulatis, punctis
glandulosis brunneis minutis sparse munita.
Inflorescentiae axillares paniculatae praecipue 3 ramis (2-5) con-
fertiflorae 8-18 cm. longae et expansae. Pedunculi valde crassi 15
mm. longi 5-7 mm. crassi. Rhachis ramulique crassi angulati glabri
dense lenticellati 2-4 mm. crassi, tuberculis cicatricialibus copiosis
2-3 mm. diam. circa 2 mm. inter se remotis. Pedicelli 2-4 mm. longi
crassi atroviolacei, paulo granulosi. Calyx brunneo-violaceus glaber
coriaceus granuloso-tuberculatus, expansus 20-26 mm. diam. lobis
subrotundatis apice rotundatis 7-8 mm. long is et latis. Receptaculum
extus plus rainusve granules o-tuberc ulatum intus disco ad 12 mm. diam.
Petala 6 obovato-elliptica vel subrotundato-obovata 30-40 mm. longa
20-30 mm. lata glabra extus violacea intus roseo-violacea. Andro-
phorum 55 cm. longum parte fertile basilari 15 mm. diam. parte ligulari
nuda sterile crassa circa 20-25 mm. longa 22 mm. lata, galea (parte
laciniata) 25-30 ram. longa et lata. Processus galericuli steriles
usque ad 8 mm. longi. Processus staminiferi fertiles clavati 2 mm.
longi, antheris breviter pedicellati. Stylus conicus crassus 5 mm.
altus. Ovarium biloculare loculis 5-8 ovulatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, Hoya del rib
Digua: Quebrada de San Juan, abajo de Queremal, 1350 m. alt., colect.
8-XI-1946 J. Cuatrecasas 22733. "Arbol 20 m. Tallo 50 cm. diam.,
corteza gruesa, ocraceo oscura, exteriormente parda, rugosa, esca-
mosa. Madera dura ocraceo oscura. Hojas coriaceas, verde grisaceo
semimate haz, verde mate enves.
Ramas terminales pardo rojizas. Pedunculos violaceo oscuros.
Caliz pardo violaceo. Petalos por fuera violetas, por dentro rosado
violaceos. Lacinias del androceo ocraceas." (F.)
E. montana is similar to the former (E. violacea), but has robust,
paniculate inflorescences; its leaves are thicker and larger with more
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 91
ascending nerves; its flowers are larger, its calyx lobules rotundate,
and the style is thicker and larger. The calyx is colored, and the
petals are of a lighter violate-pink color. K, montana is found in
hygrophilous forests of the Cordillera below Queremal and is remi-
niscent of E. coriacea (DC.) Mart., E. conduplicata A. C. Sm., and
E, alutacea A. C. Sm. but differs from these species by belonging to
Sect. Euschweilera,
Eschweilera pachyderma Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor magna, vidi 35 met. alta. Caulis 60 cm. diam. cortice brunneo-
fusco crasso, ligno albido-ochraceo. Kami cortice crasso rugoso
granuloso. Ramuli terminales fuscescentes cortice granulato-lenti-
cellati plus minusve lacerato-exfoliato.
Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacea petiolata g la bra. Petiolus
robustissimus fuscus 15-20 mm. longus supra canaliculatus subtus
teres. Lamina oblongo-elliptica utrinque rotundata vel obtusa apice
abrupte breviterque acuminata, margine visu integra vel obsolete
crenato-denticuiata leviter revoluta, 15-32 cm. longa, 7-11 cm. lata,
utrinque griseo-viridis; supra costa carinato-prorainula nervis secun-
dariis depressis venulis obsoletis; subtus costa crassa eminent!,
nervis secundariis angustis eminent ibus 16-18 utroque latere angulo
obtuso marginem versus arcuato ascendentibus in nervo collective
undulato submarginale anastomosatis, nervulis minoribus breviori-
busque sparsis et laxe reticulatis visibilibus, venulis inconspicuis,
punctis glandulosis minutis ad laminam et lineolis glanduliferis ad
nervum copiose munita.
Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares paniculatae 6-14 cm. longae.
Rachis ramulique angulatis lenticellati-granulosi, tuberculis cicatri-
cialis 2-8 mm. inter se distantibus. Bracteae ovatae obtusae circa 3
mm. long, deciduae. Alabastra circa 10 mm. diam. globosa sessilia
atropurpurea. Sepala ovato-rotundata exteriora basi gibboso-incrissata
receptaculum brevissimum obtusissimum 4-5 callosum concrescentia
lobis 5 mm. longis. Ovarium biloculare loculis 6-ovulatis.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico, rib Cajambre:
Silva, 10-80 met. alt. 8-V-1944j:olect. J. Cuatrecasas 17448. "Arbol
35 met. ak. Tallo 60 cm. diam. Hoja coriacea, verdoso grisacea.
Capullos globosos, purpuraceo oscuros. Corteza pardo oscura, gruesa.
Madera bianco ocracea. Base con estribos tabulates. "
E. pachyderma is characterized by its rigid, coriaceous leaves, the
principal nerves of which are quite conspicuous, being depressed on
the upper side and prominent beneath where they form a noticeable,
undulate nerve near the margin; reticulation is absent on the upper
side. The compound inflorescence has a strongly granulose rhachis
and branchlets. The flowers are sessile, and the very short receptacle
has protuberances like decurrent bases of sepals. The bark of the
stem and branches is very thick and fibrose, but on terminal branchlets
it is granulose or tuberculose and can easily be removed.
92 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Eschweilera sclerophylla Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Caulis 25 cm. diam. cortice fusco tenui adherente
subsquamoso-rugoso. Ramuli brunnei rugosi lenticellati.
Folia simplicia alterna grandia firme coriacea petiolata g la bra atro-
viridia. Petiolus 20-26 mm. longus valde robustus subteres supra
sulcatus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga basi rotundata vel obtusa apice
breviter angustata acuminatique, margine integra leviter revoluta, 27-56
cm. longa, 8-19 cm. lata; interdum minor; supra costa parum elevata,
lata, nervis lateralibus depressis, venulis reticulatis subprominulis;
subtus costa crassa valde elevata, nervis lateralibus eminentibus
14-18 utroque latere arcuato-ascendentibus prope marginem tenuioribus
anastomosatis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis, minutis punctis
fuse is spars is munita.
Inflorescentiae azillares racemosae confertiflorae 11-13 cm. longae.
Rachis valde robusta subangulata granule so-tuberculata glabra 5-6 mm.
crassa cicatricibus pedicellorum 3-6 mm. remotis. Flores sessiles
bibracteati. Bracteae chartaceae g la brae ovato-oblongae basi sub-
cordatae amplectentes apice obtusae margine laeves dorso crass ius-
cule carinatae 8 mm. longae 6 mm. latae persistentes. Sepala 6 crassa
glabra suborbicularia 12-14 mm. longa lataque exteriora basim plus
minusve tuberculato-incrassata. Petala crass iuscula luteolo-pallida
obovato-oblonga vel obovato-elliptica 30-38 mm. longa circa 20 mm.
lata glabra. Androphorum luteolo-roseum 50 mm. longum parte fertile
circa 25 mm. diam. processibus galericuli ad 10 mm. longi, processi-
bus fertilibus circa 2 mm. longis clavatis, antheris rotunda to-elliptic is
subsessilibus. Receptaculum brevissimum extus obsoletum, intus
disco circa 8 mm. diam. Ovarium semisuperum biloculare, loculia 6-9
ovulatis. Fructus valde juvenilis bracteis sepalisque persistentibus
adnatis (no. 16879). Fructus maturitate rotundato-depressus 8 cm.
latus 5 cm. altus apice obtuse umbonatus superficie granulosa badia
cincto circa 1 cm. lato, pericarpo lignoso tenui, bilocularis septo
tenui, 5-6 seminibus uniseriatis angulato-compressis m unit us. (Fig. 4)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Rio Calima (region del Choco): La
Trojita,^ 10-50 met. alt., 27-11-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas 16517.
"Gran arbol. Ejemplar 25 cm. diam., base casi recta. Corteza pardo
oscura, muy delgada y adherida, rugoso escamosa. Madera ocracea.
Hoja coriacea, rigida, grande, verde oscura. Perianto y androceo
ocraceo rosado claro."
Cotypes: Colombia, Intendencia del Choco. Rio San Juan: cerca-
nias de Palestina, 5-50 met. alt., 12-111-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas
16879. "Arbol 20 met. Ramas horizontales, largas, divergentes.
Hoja coriacea, flexuosa, verde oscura. Petalos amarillo claros.
Lamina estaminodial amarillo clara y rosada."
Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico, rfo Yurumanguf: Veneral,
bosques 10-50 met. alt., colect. 1-II-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 15859. "Ar-
bolito 10 met. alt. Tallo 8 cm. diam. Grandes hojas terminales verde
grisaceas, coriaceas. Frutos caulinares rubios, 8-10 cm. diam., 6 cm.
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 93
alt. con 5 grandes semillas, placentacion basilar."
FIGURE 4- EschweUera s clerophylla, fruit (natural size).
E. sclerophylla is closely related to E. calyculata Pittier the leaves
of which might be mistaken for it, but our species has larger and
sessile flowers that do not show the receptacle at their base; every
flower bears two large, thick, persistent bracts, the petals are pale
yellow and the top of the androphore is pink. The crowded and sessile
flowers form a dense, showy inflorescence. The fruits are depressed,
obtusely umbonate with a rather narrow, light brown, granulated belt
in the middle. Such pyxidia of nearly discoid shape are not common
in the family.
Gustavia magna Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 15 met. alta caule 10 cm. diam. pauce ramosa, rarais apice
folia magna fasciculata ferentibus.
Folia simplicia alterna firme coriacea petiolata. Petiolus robus-
tissimus supra planiusculus subtus teres brunneus 9 cm. longus, basi
15 rnm. lati. Lamina oblonga apice rotundata abrupte breviterque
mucronata, basim versus sensim leviterque angustata basi obtuse
cuneata, margine integra, 120 cm. longa parte tertia superiore 38 cm.
lata; supra glabra costa prominenti nervis lateralibus prominulis sub-
patulis prope marginera arcuatis evanescentibus anastomosatis, nervu-
lis transversis pallidioribus prominulisque remotis, venulis pallidis
prominulis minute reticulatis conspicuis; subtus costa validissima
nervis secundariis valde eminentibus 45-47 utroque latere 20-40 mm.
inter eos distantibus prope marginem arcuatis anastoraosatis, nervis
transversis argute prominulis pallidis cum venulis prominulis in minu-
tum reticulum satis conspicuum anastomosatis; costa nervisque subtus
94 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
rainutissime puberulis; lamina inter nervos plus minusve bullata.
Inflorescentiae racemosae caulinares ad extremes ramorum. Rhachis
robusta vulgo 6 cm. longa pluriflora bracteis late ovatis 3-5 mm. longis
et latis. Pedicelli valde robusti 4-6.5 cm. longi tomentulosi sub par-
tern mediam 2 bracteas suboppositas ovato-acutas tomentellas 2-3
mm. longas ferentes. Calycis limbus integer subtetragonus 1.5-2 mm.
latus. Receptaculum turbinatum tomentulosum disco pubescenti 16-20
mm. diam. Petala 8 crassiuscula violaceo-rosea basi albida, elliptico-
oblonga apice rotundata 8 cm. longa 4-4.5 cm. lata minutissime pube-
rula. Androphorum urceolatum 4 cm. diam., basi connata annulo circa
15 mm. alto crasso albido; processus laciniis anguste linearibus 2-2.5
cm. longis violaceis. Antherae oblongae 3 mm. longae 1 mm. diam.
Type: Colombia, Comisarfa del Putumayo. Selva higrofila entre la
Quebrada de la Hormiga y San Antonio del Guamues, 330 m. alt.,
colect. 18-XII-1940 J. Cuatrecasas 11164. "Arbol de 15 met., 10 cm.
dia'm. Hojas en penachos terminales. Flores en racimos caulinares
debajo de las hojas. Petalos rosado violaceos, en su base blanque-
cinos; estambres violaceos en su mitad superior." (F.)
G. magna is characterized by its large leaves and flowers. It is
taller than G. Tessmannii Knuth, and has leaves longer than 1 meter,
with a rotund apex and obtuse base abruptly separated from the robust
petiole, with the principal nerves puberulent beneath. The inflo-
rescences are robust and multiflorous (12-16 flowers), the thicker and
tomentose pedicels bear two bracts (not decussate) on the lower half.
The receptacle, petals and staminal process are twice the size of
G. Tessmannii,
Gustavia occidentalis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor mediocris. Ramuli terminales grisei glabri.
Folia simplicia alterna rigida coriacea petiolata glabra. Petiolus
rigidus gracilis 4-6 mm. longus supra planiusculus subtus teres leviter
s trio latus basi abrupte dilatata. Lamina obovato-elliptica oblonga
apice subrotundata subite cuspidata basi paulo angustata cuneata
margine levissime ad petiolum decurrentis, margine integra 29-36 cm.
longa, 12-15 cm. lata, acumine circa 15 mm. longo; supra costa sub-
prominenti nervis secundariis filiformibus prominulis nervulis venu-
lisque elevato-reticulatis; subtus costa crassa eminenti nervis later-
alibus anguste arguteque prominentibus, 15-16 utroque latere 14-28
mm. inter eos distantibus, paulo ascendentibus marginem versus
arcuatis tenuioribus anastomosantibus, nervulis venulisque prominulis
reticulatis.
Inflorescentiae terminales racemosae pluriflorae subsessiles (8-12
floribus) rhachi robusto griseo-viridi glabro 3-4 cm. longo 5-7 mm. lato.
Pedicelli graciles sed rigidi robustique 3-5-5.5 cm. longi, 2-3 mm.
crassi, glabri duas bracteolas alternas deciduas cicatrices persisten-
tes impressunt ferentes. Calycis limbus brevis integer 3 mm. longus,
glaber. Receptaculum conoideum extus laeve glabruin inter disco in
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI
95
sicco 14 ram. diam. pubescent!. Petala 8 obovato-elliptica apice
rotundata 4-6 cm. longa 2-2.5 cm. lata crassa alba. Androphorum
album 3.5 cm. diam. basi annulo 7-9 mm. alto, processus lacinis fili-
formibus pluriseriatis 10-16 mm. longis. Antherae 2.2 mm. longae
luteae. (Fig. 5)
FIGURE 5. Gustavia occidentalis
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Rib Calima (region del Choco): La
Trojita, 50 m. alt., colect. 2-IH-1944 J. Cuatrecnsas 16639. "Arbol
Flor blanca. Anteras amarillas."
G, occidentalis is related to G. speciosa (HBK) DC., but differs
primarily by its broader, nearly elliptical leaves which are slightly
attenuate at the base, its longer petioles, glabrous pedicels, recep-
tacle and calyx, the narrow calyx-limb (2-3 mm.), and the two small
96 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
bracts which leave two alternate scars at the top of the pediceL In
addition the androecium is white and the petals are larger.
Gustavia foliosa Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor grandis, 20 met. alta. Caulis 40 cm. diam. ramulis exfoliatis
rugulosis griseis glabris.
Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacia atroviridis nitida glabra
petiolata apice ramulorum subfasciculata. Petiolus crassus 1.5-2.5
cm. longus supra subplanus subtus teres. Lamina obovato-oblonga vel
obovata apice rotundata abrupte breviterque acuminata vel rautica,
basim paulo attenuata cuneata, margine Integra vel levissime sinuato-
dentata, 15-40 cm. longa, 8-18 cm. lata; supra costa subplana notata
nervis secundariis filiformibus conspicuis nervulis venulisque prorai-
nulis reticulatis; subtus costa crasse eminent! nervis lateralibus
argute angusteque elevatis patulis circa 18 utroque latere 1-2.5 cm.
remotis, prope marginem valde arcuatis et anastomosatis, nervulis
venulisque prominulum minutum conspicuum reticulum formantibus.
Inflorescentia terminalis in ramulis hornotinis crassis viridibus
foliosis cujusve, flores solitarii axillares vel extraazilares cum foliis
alternantes. Pedicelli graciles sed robust! erecti 3-5-9 cm. longi
(inferiores longiores) 2-3 mm. crassi virides glabri apicem versus 2
bracteolas suboppositas vel remotas deciduas ferentes. Receptaculum
conoideum extus leviter pruinosum intus disco 15 mm. diam. puberulo.
Calycis limbus subinteger 1.5-3 mm. longus. Petala matura late obo-
vata apice rotundata vel subtruncata 5-6 cm. longa, 3-4.5 cm. lata,
extus albo-rosea supra eburnea. Androphorum luteolo-album 3.5 cm.
diam. basi annulo 12-13 mm. alto, processus laciniis filiformibus
pluriseriatis 10-18 mm. longis. Antherae oblongae 3-4 mm. longae
flavae.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occi-
dental; hoyadel rib Anchicaya lado derecho, bosques entre Pavas y
Miramar^ 350-450 m. alt., colect. 16-IV-1943 Jv Cuatrecasas 14394.
"Gran arbol, 20 m. ak. Tallo 40 cm. diam. Petalos bianco rosados
ext. , por dentro bianco ere ma. Filamentos bianco amarillentos. Ante-
ras amarillo claro."
G. foliosa is similar to G. occidentalis, but is distinguished because
of its foliose inflorescence, the flowers appearing individually alter-
nating with leaves at the tips of new branchlets (axillary or extra-
axillary); the petioles are thicker and shorter, the petals larger, and
the leaves more obovate.
Grias colombiana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor circa 6 met. aka paulo ramosa, ramis terminalibus griseis
glabris ad apicem folia subfasciculata ferentibus.
Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacea sessilia glabra. Lamina
obovato-oblonga basim versus attenuata basi angusta obtusa vel sub-
truncata paulo amplectens, apice subite angustata cuspidata, 24-53
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 97
cm. longa, 7.5-18 era. lata, supra basim 10-15 mm. lata, utrinque viridis
margine leviter obtuseque dentato-crenata; supra nervo medio laterali-
busque prominulis reliquis obsoletis; subtus costa valde eminent! basi
incrassata nervis lateralibus 18-25 utroque latere prorainentibus
ascendentibus prope marginem subite arcuatis tenuioribus anastomo-
satis, in foliis maximis 15-22 mm. distantibus in minoribus 10-15 mm.
distantibus, nervulis transversis inconspicuis, punctis minutis rubes-
centibus et rarissimis pilis munita.
Inflorescentiae racemoso-contractae axillares foliorum inferiorum
vel caulinares in extremis ramorum, pedunculo valde brevi 1-6 mm.
longo glabro dense bracteato bracteis late ovatis acutis vel cuspidatis
glabris inferioribus 2 mm. longis superioribus oblongis ad 6 mm. longis.
Pedicelli 2-4 mm. longi glabri basi angusti sursum sensim incrassati,
saepe 2 bracteolis minutis acutis munita. Receptaculum conicum 3-5
mm. longum. Calycis limbus 4 lobatus lobis irregularibus plus rainusve
obtusis 2-3 mm. altus, glaber. Petala 4 alba crass iuscula obovato-
elliptica apice rotundata glabra 16-20 mm. longa, 10 mm. lata. Pro-
cessi staminorum numerosissimi 7-10 mm. longi albi glabri. Antherae
rotundato-ellipticae 0.7 mm. longae. Ovarium turbinaturn 4 loculare.
Fructus monospermus 5-6 cm. diarn. maturitate luteus laevis, siccitate
obtuse 8-costatus apice truncatus margine obtusus 4 lobulis calycinis
parvi-triangularibus persistentibus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico, no Yurumangui:
Veneral, bosques 5-50 m. alt., colect. 3-H-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 15920.
"Arbolito, sumergido en la orilla del rio, con numerosas varas verti-
cales. Perianto y androceo blancos. Frutos monospermos 5-6 cm.
diam., maduros amarillos." (F.)
Cotype: Id., Dep. Cauca. Costa del Pacifico, rio Micay: brazo
Noanamito, orilla derecha; El Chachajo 2-5 m. alt., colect. 27-11-1943
J. Cuatrecasas 14267. "Palo de 6 m., poco ramificado con penachos
hojosos terminales. Flores caulinares en los extremes de las ramas."
Grias colombiana is closely related to G. integrifolia St. from Nica-
ragua but differs from the latter by its more or less obtuse, dentate
leaves which are shorter and have fewer, more ascendant veins. It
also differs by its pedunculate inflorescence, the longer and thicker
pedicels which are less differentiated from the conical receptacle,
the shorter calyx-lobes, and the larger number of stamens. G. Haugthi
Knuth from the Magdalena Valley has larger leaves (1 met. or more),
pedicels and flowers. G. Fendleri Seem, from Panama has petiolate
leaves, larger flowers, and 2 sepals.
Grias multinervia Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula simplex caule 4 met. alto apice foliis majusculis sub-
fasciculatis praedito.
Folia magna chartaceo-coriacea rigida simplicia alterna subglabra,
140 cm. longa, 35 cm. lata, elliptico-oblanceolata, apice breviter
acuminata acuta basim versus sensim angustata in brevem petiolum
98 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
valde robustum anguste alatum 3 cm. longum comrautata, utrinque atro-
viridia in sicco viridia, margine subintegerrima, supra costa anguste
elevata, nervis secundariis angustis prominentibus, transversalibus
obsoletis; subtus costa crassissime eminenti striata. nervis secun-
dariis elevatis firmis parallelis ascendentibus ad marginem abrupte
curvatis anastoraosatis nervum undulatura submarginalera vix continuum
formantibus, utroque latere t 86, 15-25 mm. inter eos distantibus, sed
basim versus magis confertis tantum 10-5 mm. remotis; nervulis trans-
versis prominulis undulatis subparallelis, punctis numerosis sparsis
minutis rubescentibus et copiosis sparsis tenuissimis pilis munita.
Fructi caulinares videtur solitarii pedunculo crasso longiusculo
penduli elliptico-oblongi ad 10 cm. longi, 5 cm. lati, apice breviter
5-angulato coronati laeves, siccitate 8-costati, endocarpio lignoso
8-prismatico-costato. Semina solitaria oblonga obtusa in sicco 7.5 cm.
longa, 28 mm. lata. (Fig. 6)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Cauca. Costa del Pacifico, rio Micay, orilla
derecha en Caliche 5-10 m. alt., colect. 26-11-1943 J. Cuatrecasas
14208. "Vara de 4 met. recta, simple con penachos de hojas termi-
nales. Frutos caulinares."
G. multinervia apparently is the species of Grias with the largest
leaves known. G. grandifolia Pilger and G. Haughtii Knuth also have
very large leaves (120 x 20 cm. and 130 x 30 cm.), which taper toward
the base for a greater length than in G. multinervia (G. grandifolia has
long petioles); these leaves are completely glabrous, their lateral
veins are more remote (3-4 cm.) and branch off at a wide angle. In
G. multinervia the nerves are more approximated and numerous (86 on
each side in the type specimen). The lower surface of the leaf in the
type specimen is covered by copious diluted hairs, whereas the leaves
of other species are glabrous. The fruits appear solitary on the pedun-
cles indicating a very simple inflorescence.
LOGANIACEAE
Peltanthera costaricensis (Standl. & Steyerm.) Cuatr., nov. status.
Valerioa costaricensis Standley & Steyermark Field Mus. Publ.
Dot. 18:1099 (1938).
Having had the opportunity of studying a specimen of the Peruvian
collection of Spruce 4940, which is the isotype of Peltanthera flori-
bunda Denth., I compared this plant with the Costa Rican type of
Valeria costaricensis (referred to the Solanaceae). There is no
doubt that they are almost identical. The plant from Costa Rica is
slightly different from the Amazonian species, its leaves are coarsely
dentate, the branchlets of the inflorescence and the pedicels are
slender and longer, the corolla is thicker with broader and deeper
lobules, and the stamens are longer. In P. floribunda the leaves are
subentire and the corolla is narrow and more contracted below the
shorter lobules. The fruit of these plants is still unknown; its know-
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III
99
FIGURE 6. Grias multinervia, in rain forest of Micay River.
100 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
ledge would clear up the position of the genus and the separation of
its two species, which have a remarkable geographical distribution.
CONNARACEAE
Connarus nervatus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex validus scandens cortice succi rubescenti ramulis griseis
lenticellato-granulosi glabri juvenilibus brevi-puberulis.
Folia alterna imparipinnata 5-7 foliolata petiolo 8-16 cm. longo
robusto glabro basi valde vaginato-incrassato. Rhachis 9-14 cm.
longa. Petioluli cylindrici crassi 5-7 mm. longi. Foliola crasse
coriacea nitida oblongo-elliptica vel paulo ovato-elliptica basi rotun-
data vel obtusissima apice subrotundata vel obtusa abrupte breviterque
acuininata margine integra 7-22 cm. longa, 3.8-10 cm. lata inferiora
breviora terminali maximo; supra subglabra nervis medio secundariis-
que immersis paulo compressis visibilibus, nervulis transversis
venulisque prominulis vel paulo conspicuis subtus subglabra sparsis
vel spars issimis pilis adpressis munita, costa valde eminenti nervis
secundariis prominentibus 8-12 utroque latere ascendentibus ad mar-
ginem curvato-anastornosatis nervulis tertiis crebris elevatis cum
venulis reticulum bene conspicuum formantibus.
Infloresceritiae fructiferae axillares panic ulatae magnae pendulae,
30-40 cm. longae ad 20 cm. latae, axi robusto ramulisque patulis
minute tuberculatis, sparse tomentulosis. Pedicelli crassi circa 2
mm. longi. Calyx persistens 5 sepalis oblongis 2.5-3 mm. longis
basi coalitis puberulis. Folliculus longe stipitatus subhamatus linea
dorsali subrecta sutura ventrali valde arcuata subsemicirculari apice
valde oblique acuteque mucronato-rostrato, in vivo 3 cm. longus, 2
cm. latus lateraliter compressus pericarpo rigide coriaceo extus glaber
rubescenti in sicco sclerenchymatico-striato endocarpo piloso; stipite
6-8 mm. longo. Semen (in vivo) album arillo luteo.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle, Costa del Pacifico; rio Cajambre:
Quebrada del Guapecito 5 met. alt., colect. 16-V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas
17713. "Gran bejuco. Hoja coriacea verde oscura haz. Frutos falci-
formes con pico lateral puntiagudo rojos o rojo amarillentos. Semilla
blanca con arilo amarillo." (F.)
Cotype: Id. id. id. rio Cajambre: San Isidro 5-100 m. alt., colect.
4-V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 17349. "Gran bejuco. Corteza con zumo
rojizo resinoso. Hoja serricoria'cea verde grisacea. Frutos semi-
lunares apiculados rojizos 3 cm. long. 2 cm. lat. comprimidos. Una
semilla blanca con arilo amarillo." (F.) Id. id. id. Naya, brazo Ajf,
en Calle Larga 4 met. alt., colect. 28-11-1943 J. Cuatrecasas 14287.
"Gran bejuco. Frutos rojizos." (F.)
Collection 21450 is in worse condition of preservation than former
ones, but has flowers. In spite of small differences it seems to belong
to the same species. It has paniculate inflorescences with tomentose
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 101
branchlets showing the following floral features: Sepala 5 oblonga
acutiuscula crass iuscula 3 mm. longa eztus hirsuto-tomentosa intus
glabra. Petala 5 libera circa 4.4 mm. longa, oblongo-elliptica apice
obtusa basi abrupte in unguem angustum attenuata eztus tomentella
intus dimidia superiore parte tomentella cetera glabra. Staminorum
filamenta longiora sursum pilosa breviora glabra.
Colombia, Intendencia del Choco: rib San Juan, margen derecha
Quebrada del Taparal, 20 met. alt., colect. 30-V-1946 J. Cuatrecasas
21450. "Gran bejuco. ^Hoja cartacea, verde oscura. Caliz sepia por
fuera. Sepalos int. y petalos bianco verdosos." (F.)
This species belongs to the Subgenus Connarellus Schellen. and is
fairly close to C, Spruce* Baker. But it has imparip innate leaves,
usually with 7 coriaceous, robust leaflets which are strongly nervate
beneath. Furthermore, the leaflets of C. nervatus have a more or less
conspicuous pubescence on the lower side of the midrib. When in the
fruiting stage, the inflorescence is larger; the fruits too are larger,
subfalciform and borne on long stipes.
Connarus merizaldinus Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex scandens ramulis griseis lenticellato-verruculosis glabris.
Folia alterna trifoliolata petiolo 4-9 cm. longo rigido gracili glabro
vel parce sparseque hirtulo, basi valde incrassato. Foliola subcori-
acea glaberrima ovato-elliptica apice angustato-acuminata acuta basi
rotundata margine laevis 7-14 cm. longa, 3-4-6 cm. lata; supra laevis
costa depressa nervis lateralibus visibilibus, venulis fere incon-
spicuis; subtus costa elevata, nervis secundariis 5-6 utroque latere
arcuato ascendentibus subprominulis margine m versus evanescent ibus,
reliquis nervulis tantum sub lente paulo visibilibus. Petioluli 4-5 mm.
longi teretes crassi 4-5 mm. longi. Rhachis 10-30 mm. longa.
Inflorescentiae axillares et terminales laxiflorae, thyrsoideae vel
paniculatae. Rarauli pseud oracemorum 5-14 cm. longi rigid! graciles
striolulati breviter tomentelli. Ramuli cymorum 1-7 mm. longi. Pedi-
celli 0.4-1.5 mm. longi tomentulosi. Sepala 5 ovato-elliptica apice
obtus iuscula 2.3 mm. longa 1.2 mm. lata basi coalita extus tomentulosa
intus glabra, sparse punctata. Petala 5 libera ovata apice obtusa
basi abrupte angusteque unguiculata circa 3 mm. longa 1.4 mm. lata,
alba glabra sparsissime punctata. Stamina 10 quinque epipetala
breviora basi in tubum coalita, filamentis glabris vel parcissimis pilis
glandulosis munitis. Ovarium hirsutum. Fructus ignotus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle; Costa del Pacifico, rfo Naya: Puerto
Merizalde, bosque 20 m. alt., collect. 22-IM943 J. Cuatrecasas 14067.
"Gran bejuco. Flor blanca." (F.)
Connarus merizaldinus is closely related to C. lambertii (DC.)
Sagot, but it is distinguished by its smoother leaves (without prominent
venation), its smaller flowers with small glabrous petals, which are
ovate, and abruptly contracted at the base, and marked with scarce
glandulose spots. The filaments are practically glabrous. C, venexue-
102 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
/anus Baill. has leaves that are puberulent beneath and larger flowers.
C. neglectus Schellen and C. laevis Schellen. have larger and more
glandulose petals and their sepals are tomentulous on both sides.
Connarus silvanensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex validus scandens ramulis brunneis vel griseis lenticellato-
tuberculatis.
Folia alterna trifoliolata petiolo 4.5-6 cm. longo glabro plus minusve
granuloso-lenticellato. Rhachis 15-18 mm. longo. Petioluli teretes
crassi 5-8 mm. longi. Foliola coriacea in sicco brunnea subelliptica
basim versus paulo angustata basi obtuse cuneata apice subrotundata
brevissime apiculata margine Integra, 13-21 cm. longa, 6.2-11.5 cm.
lata; supra glabra costa nervis lateralibus impressis, reticulo nervu-
lorum subinmerso vix conspicuo; subtus glabra vel sparsis minutissi-
mis pilis adpressis munita, costa valida nervis secundariis 8-9 utroque
latere prominentibus ascendentibus marginem versus arcuato anastomo-
satis, nervulis prominulis cum venulis minus elevatis reticulum for-
mantibus.
Inflorescentia statu fructifero brevis axillaris racemiformis rhachi
robusta 5 cm. longa. Folliculus leguminaceus anguste oblongeque
pyriformis oblicuus in 2 valvas dehiscens apice s ubrotundatus laterale
breviter mucrato-apiculatus basi cuneatus haud stipitatus pericarpo
lignoso extus rubro glabro sublaeve haud striato endocarpo intus
nkido sparsissimis pilis munito, circa 3 cm. longus, 1.6 cm. latus.
Semen unicum oblongo-ellipticum circa 2 cm. longum in vivo album
nitidum arillo lutescenti.
Type: Colombia, Dep. ^alle, Costa del Pacifico, no Cajambre;
Silva, Loma de la Vigfa, 80 met. alt., colect. 9- V- 1944 J. Cuatrecasas
17454. "Gran bejuco. Hoja semicoriacea verde oscura. Frutos rojo
vinosos, piriforme oblongos 3 cm. long., x 1.7 cm. lat. con semilla
blanca con arilo amarillento. " (F.)
C. silvanensis, of the Subgenus Neoconnarus Schellen., is related to
C, brachybotryosus Donn. Smith, but can be distinguished by its more
coriaceous and larger leaflets, its petioles which are much shorter
than the leaflets, its smaller inflorescence, and larger fruits.
Rourea granatensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex ramis brunnescentibus paulo granules is glabris.
Folia alterna imparipinnata praecipue 5-foliolata glaberrima, petiolo
2-3 cm. longo rhachi 1.5-3 cm. longa gracili rigida, petiolulis incrassa-
tis teretibus circa 4 mm. long is. Foliola coriacea oblongo-elliptica
basi rotundata apice attenuata plus minusve cuspidata margine integra,
inferiora breviora, 3-11.5 cm. longa 2-4.2 cm. lata; supra nitida costa
impressa pallid iore bene notata, nervis secundariis nervulis venulisque
minutum reticulum elevatum formantibus; subtus costa crassa eminenti
nervis secundariis prominulis patulis 7-8 utroque latere remote ad
marginem arcuato anastomosatis, nervulis venulisque in prominulo
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 103
reticulo instructis.
Inflorescentiae axillares panic ulatae laxiflorae 5-8 cm. longae, axi
ramulisque patulis flexuosis gracilibus angulatis minute puberulis,
bracteolis brevissimis. Pedicelli teneres recti patuli minute puberuli.
Sepala 5 imbricata ovata apice obtusa vel subacuta, puberula, 3 mm.
longa 2.5 mm. lata chartacea. Petala 5 elliptico-oblonga 3.5-4 mm.
longa 1.2 mm. lata basi angustata. Stamina 10, filamentis glabris
longioribus sepala paulo superantibus. Carpella 5 libera ovario supra
hirsutissimo, stylo 2.5 mm. longo filiformi basi hirsute, in flore tantum
uno fertile.
Type: Colombia, Intendencia del Meta: Villavicencio hacia El
Parrao, 500 m. alt. colect. 10-XM938 J. Cuatrecasas 4588. (F.)
R. granate ns is belongs to section Glabra Schellen. and can readily
be distinguished from R. glabra HBK by the short pubescence of its
calyx and the branchlets of its inflorescence. From R. puberula Baker
it can be differentiated by the prominent reticulate venation of its
leaves.
Rourea antioquensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor mediocris ramulis terminalibus in sicco brunneis lenticellatis
puberulis.
Folia alterna imparipinnata 5-foliolata, petiolo circa 3 cm. longo
sicut rhachi 3-4 cm. longa breviter pubescenti, petioluli teretes cras-
siusculi 2.5-3 mm. longi. Foliola subcoriacea elliptica utrinque at-
tenuata basi obtusa apice cuspidata margine integra, 4.5-10 cm. longa
2-4 cm. lata; supra glabra nitidula costa angusta impressa conspicua
reticulo venulorum minutum elevatum nervis secundariis inter reticulum
obsoletis; subtus costa crassa eminenti adpresse pubescenti nervis
lateralibus circa 10 utroque latere patulis filiformibus prominulis
marginem versus arcuato anastomosatis pubescentibus, reticulo paulo
prominulo sicut ceteris sparse pubescentibus.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares et subterminales ramis princi-
palibus 8-14 cm. longis, ramulis secundariis tantum inferioribus longis
reliquis brevibus patulisque 1-15 mm. longis, bracteolis minutis ad 1
mm. longis ovatis vel lanceolatis. Pedicelli graciles recti vel flexu-
osi circa 3 mm. longi dense pubescenti. Kami ramulique pubescenti.
Sepala 5 imbricata s uborbic ularia basi subcordata apice deltoidea
utronque pubescentia. Petala 5 obovato-elliptica apice rotundata basi
anguste unguiculata glabra 3.2 mm. longa 1.6 mm. lata. Filamenta
staminorum longiorum sepala excedentia breviorum subaequantia,
omnia glabra basi in tubum coalita. Carpella 5 libera ovario dense
hirsute stylo 1 mm. longo apicem versus glabraro stigmate subdiscoi-
deo-crasso.
Typus: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia; orillas del rio Cauca en Puerto
Valdivia, 240 m. alt., colect. 18-11-1942 R. Metcalf & J. Cuatrecasas
30045. "Gran arbol. Petalos blancos. Caliz bianco amarillento.
Hoja semicoriacea, brillante, enves verde claro. Corteza parda." (F.)
104 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
R. antioquensis is related to R. frutescens Aubl., but can be dis-
tinguished by its more elliptical (not obovate), long cuspidate leaves
with less prominent and more open secondary veins, pubescent branch-
lets, calyx and pedicels (not tomentose as in R. frutescens) and by its
subrotundate and broader sepals.
Pseudoconnarus agelaefolius Cuatr., sp. nov.
Frutex validus scandens ramulis flexuosis fuscis glabris.
Folia alterna trifoliolata glabra, petiolo rigido patulo 6-11 cm.
longo basi incrassato, rhachi 1-3 cm. longo, petiolulis teretibus eras-
sis 5-7 mm. long is. Foliola coriacea subtriplinervia late lanceolato-
elliptica apice longe angustato-acuminata basi cuneata terminalia
majora symmetrica 9-20 cm. longa 4-7.5 cm. lata lateralia paulo asym-
metrica minoraque 4.5-14 cm. Tonga 2-6.5 cm. lata margine integra;
supra nitidula in sicco pallido-brunnescentia nervis principalibus
paulo impressis pallidioribus notatis minuto reticulo venoso elevato
conspicuo; subtus in sicco pallide badia valde opaca epidermo den-
sissime minuteque papillose, duobus nervis lateralibus basi cum
nervo medio connatis bene eminentibus subrectis ascendentibus ex-
tremis marginem versus evanescentibus, sursum 1-3 nervis secun-
dariis brevioribus plus minusve prominentibus notatis, nervulorum
reticulo paulo prominulo plus minusve conspicuo.
Inflorescentiae paniculatae axillares et terminales laxiflorae, axilla-
res 8-12 cm. longae terminales ad 20 cm. longae, ramulis patulis pube-
rulis minutis pilis simplicibus vel furcatis munitis. Bracteolae
rainutissimae. Pedicelli erecti circa 3 mm. longi minute puberuli apice
in receptaculum incrassatum product!. Sepala 5 imbricata subcoriacea
ovata vel orbicularia apice subrotundato vel abrupte subacuto 2-2.2
mm. longa 2 mm. lata paulo acrescentia, margine ciliata cetera glabra.
P eta la decidua in meis speciminibus desiderata. Stamina 10 libera
filamentis planis glabris, longioribus episepalis calycem aequilongis,
brevioribus oppositipetalis et oppositicarpellis praesumpte sterilibus.
Carpellis 5 liberis glabris ovario ovoideo 1 mm. longo apice in longum
stylum crass iusculum 1.5 mm. longum prod uc turn, ovario uniloculari
2-ovulati. Folliculi plures fertiles sessiles oblongi sutura ventrali
arcuata apice rotundata latera liter breviter apiculata, calyce brevi
basim persistenti.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle. Costa del Pacifico: rio Cajambre:
San Isidro loma con bosque en la Quebrada del Venenito + 80 m. alt.,
colect. 3-V-1944 J. Cuatrecasas 17334. "Gran bejuco. Hoja coriacea,
flexible, verde brillante haz, cenicienta enves." (F.)
Pseudoconnarus agelaefolius is easily distinguished from all other
species of the genus by the shape and texture of its leaves, its axil-
lary as well as terminal inflorescences, and its free stamens. The
leaves are almost identical with those of Bernardinia agelaeoides
Schellen, a species of uncertain position regarded by Macbride as a
Rourea; but its slender and elongate sepals as well as its venation
differentiate it from this genus.
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI 105
Regarding the genus Pseudoconnarus, I consider the triplinerved
leaf with the three principal nerves united at the base for some dis-.
tance as a fundamental character which I have never observed in
Rourea or in Connarus, In the genus Bernard inia only B. agelaeoides
shows this pattern, that is so characteristic of the African genus
Agelaea. A papillose epidermis of the lower side of the leaves and
glabrous carpels, several of them mature in fruit, are typical of Pseudo-
connarus.
ROSACEAE
Licania vaupesana Killip et Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor grandis ramulis terminalibus brunneo-viridibus minute pube-
rulis, granuloso-lenticellatis.
Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 5-6 mm. longus
subteres incrassatus supra pubescens reliquo puberulus. Lamina sub-
ovato-e lliptica basi subrotundata vel obtusissima apice attenuata
acute acuminata margine Integra 7-12 cm. longa 3.7-5 cm. lata; supra
in sicco brunnea subnkida costa angusta depressa tomentella reliqua
g la bra nervis secundariis reticuloque impress is; subtus nervis princi-
palibus ezceptis ochraceo-dealbata , dense adpresseque tomentosa
costa eminenti fuscescenti glabra nervis secundariis circa 12 utroque
latere prominulis angulo aperto subglabris marginem versus arcuatis
e vanes centibus, nervulis reticulatis obsoletis. Stipulae subulatae
pubescentes 5 mm. longae.
Paniculae terminales et subterminales ramoso-divaricatae circa 12
cm. longae, 6-7 cm. expansae axi ramulisque minute pubes centibus,
bracteis linearibus ad 1 cm. longis sursum de ere s centibus. Bracteolae
floriferae deltoides tomentellae minutae. Flores subsessiles 1-5 in
ramusculis 0.1-1.5 mm. longis glomeratis. Alabastra subglobosa 1.5
mm. diam. ochracea dense adpresseque tomentosa. Hypanthium crassi-
usculum turbinato-urceolatum 2 mm. altum 3 mm. latum extus tomen-
tosum, intus hirsuto-tomentosum. Sepala 5 luteolo-albida crassiuscula
ovata obtusiuscula 1.2 mm. longa 1.7-2 mm. lata tomentosa. Stamina
5-7 unilateralia disposka filaraento brevissimo 0.3 mm. longo, anthera
globosa 0.6 mm. diam. Ovarium 1 mm. diam. dense hispidum unilocu-
lare biovulatum. Stylus gynobasicus 2 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Comisarfa del Vaupes: rfo Cuduyari afluente del
rfo Vaupes, 200 m. alt. Colect. 15-IX-1939 J. Cuatrecasas 6837.
"Arbol. F lor bianco amarillenta." (Herb. Nac. Colorab., Bogota.)
L. vaupesana is related to L. Kunthiana Hook. f. but distinguishable
by its pedunculate glomerules, more slender secondary nerves, and the
slightly different indument. It resembles L. incana Aubl., the hypan-
thium of which is lanate on the inside. L. robusta Sagot differs by
its thick, coriaceous, stronger, nervate leaves.
106 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Licania pnlchravenia Killip et Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor ramulls terminalibus glabris subnitidis sparse granulato-
lenticellatis.
Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 6-10 mm. longus
subtereti-c empress us supra glaber subtus parce puberulus. Lamina
elliptic o-ovata vel paulo oblonga basi subrotundata sed margine cum
petiolo cuneato-decurrenti, apice attenuata acutiuscula saepe breviter
acuminata, margine integra 9-13 cm. longa, 4.5-6 cm. lata; supra
pallide viridis opaca omnino glabra nervis medio secundariisque planis
sordide conspicuis, nervulis transversis sordide visibilibus vel obso-
letis; subtus ochracea pulcherrime discolori-nervata nervo medio lato
sed paulo prominenti, nervis secundariis 6-7 utroque latere latiusculis
paulo prominulis angulo acuco ascendentibus ad marginera curvatis sub-
decurrentibus, nervulis tertiis transversis venulisque depressis con-
spicuissime reticulatis, costa nervis reticuloque brunnescentibus
glabris vel reticulo puberulo reliqua superficie densissime adpressis-
simeque ochraceo-tomentosa. Stipulae lanceolatae 5-6 mm. longae
puberulae.
Paniculae terminales foliosae ad 8 cm. longae axi ramulisque minute
pubescentibus, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acutis circa 2 mm. longis
pubescentibus. Flores sessiles subspicati. Alabastra subglobosa
2-2.5 mm. diam. sericei-tomentosa. Hypanthium hemisphaericum 2 mm.
ahum eztus tomentosum intus hirsutum. Sepala 5 ovato-subrotundata
1 mm. longa crassiuscula viridi-pallida. Stamina 2-4 filamento brevis-
simo anthera rotundata 0.4-0.5 mm. diam. Ovarium hirsutum 1 mm.
uniloculare biovulatum. Stylus gynobasicus 1.5 mm. longus plus
minusve villosus.
Type: Colombia, Com is aria del Vaupes: Bocas del Caruru, afluente
del no Vaupe's, orillas, 230 m. alt., colect. 27-DC-1939 J. Cuatrecasas
7054. "Arbol. Flor amarillento verdosa." (Herb. Nac. Colomb.,
Bogota.)
L. pulchravenia, related to L. Hostmannii and L, Kunthiana Hook, f.,
can be distinguished by the smaller number of curved, ascending nerves
which are broad, glabrous, brownish-reddish, and barely prominent, and
by the very conspicuous, glabrous or subglabrous, depressed brownish-
reddish reticulation as contrasted with the pale ochraceous, tomentose
surface of the lower side of the leaf.
Licania Caldasiana Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor ramulis terminalibus viridi-griseis minute tomentellis sparse
lenticellati.
Folia simplicia alterna coriacea petiolata. Petiolus 5-6 mm. longus
crassiusculus tomentellus subteres supra planiusculus. Lamina ellip-
tica vel oblongo-elliptica basi subrotundata vel obtusa apice rotundata
vel interdum attenuata vel raro emarginata margine integerrima 6.5-10
cm. longa, 3.2-5 cm. lata; supra in sicco brunneo-nigra subopaca
glaberrima venatione obsoleta; subtus siccitate cinerea dense ad-
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI 107
presseque tomento vestita sed costa crassa eminent! glabra vel pube-
rula nigrescent!, nervis secundariis apertis 9-11 utroque latere tantum
puberulis anguste prominentibus marginem versus curvatis pallidiori-
bus, reticulo venulorum prominulo minus conspicuo.
Inflorescentiae terminales paniculatae brachiato-ramosae ad 14 cm.
longae basi foliosae axi ramulisque viridi-cinereo-tomentosis, ramis
secundariis pseudospicis valde patulis ad 7 cm. longis crassiusculis.
Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae 1-2 mm. longae tomentosae flores sessiles
glomeratos non superantes. Hypanthium crassum semiglobosum 1.5
mm. altum 2 mm. latum eztus tomentosum intus tomentoso-hirsutum.
Sepala 5 ovata obtusiuscula crassiuscula utrinque dense tomentosa 1-2
mm. longa. Stamina praecipue 4 filamento glabro brevi anthera ellip-
tica 0.4 mm. longa glabra. Ovarium 1 mm. villosissimum uniloculare
biovulatum. Stylus gynobasicus 1 mm. long us basim versus longe
villosus.
Type: Colombia: without locality, collected by J. C. Mutis no.
3868 (US). Cotypes: Mutis 1114 and 1130 (US).
L. Caldasiana is characterized by its robust inflorescences with
spreading branches, and its sessile, spicate glomerules. The leaves
are glabrous, smooth and dark on the upper side and densely cinereous,
tomentose beneath. In texture its leaves are identical with those of
L. cymosa Fritsch, but are completely flat.
This species is named in honor and memory of the famous scientist
and Colombian patriot Francisco Jose de Caldas.
Licania macrocarpa Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor ramulis terminalibus villosis deinde glabratis badiis nitidis
sparse granulate- lenticellatis.
Folia simplicia alterna rigide coriacea petiolata. Petiolus robustus
subteres primum lanatus denique glabratus 15-20 mm. longus. Lamina
elliptic o-oblonga basi obtusissima vel subrotundata apice subrotundata
abrupte breviterque cuspidata, margine integra, 20-28 cm. longa 6-10.5
cm. lata; supra glabra costa angusta elevata, nervis secundariis de-
pressis, venulis obsoletis; subtus omnino dense indumento aracnoideo-
lanato adpresso vestita, costa robusta elevata nervis secundariis valde
eminentibus ascendentibus parallelis circa 18 utroque latere ad mar-
ginem subite arcuatis evanescentibusque, venulis minoribus transver-
sis cum indumento velatis. Stipulae coriaceae vel subcoriaceae ovato-
lanceolatae amplectentes margine scarioso reliquo dense villoso-
tomentosae intraxillares.
Fructus sessilis globosus 8-9 cm. diara. perirarpo duro fibroso, 10
mm. crasso, extus leviter rugoso minute granuloso ochraceo-aurantiaco.
Semen globosum 5.5-6.5 cm. diam. cotyledonibus magnis crassis hemi-
sphaericis. (Fig. 7)
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle, Costa del Pacifico: rib Cajambre:
Quebrada del Corosal, 0.5 met. alt., 17-V-1944 colect. J. Cuatrecasas
108
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
&?'•; :'. •$; }/ v •'"!' :^"'!^wll@
FIGURE 7. Licania macrocarpa (4/5)
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-HI 109
17740. "Arbol. Hoja coriacea, rfgida, verde amarillenta haz, ocraceo
rosada enves. Grandes frutos redondos, 8-9 cm. diam., ocraceo ana-
ranjados, superficie rugoso granulosa, duros." (F.)
L. macrocarpa is readily distinguished by its large coriaceous leaves
wkh numerous ascendent, parallel nerves covered with a thick lanugi-
nous coat on the lower side, by its large sericeous intra-axillary
stipules, and chiefly by its large fruits.
Licania veneralensis Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 10 met. alta caule 8 cm. diam. cortice griseo ramulis termi-
nalibus badiis glabris.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata coriacea. Petiolus teres crassus
in sicco squamulosus 7-8 mm. longus. Lamina elliptico-oblonga basi
rotundata apice breviter angustata acuminataque acuta, margine integra
12-18 cm. longa 4-6 cm. lata, supra viridis siccitate brunnescens
glabra subnitida nervo medio angusto elevate, secundariis inconspicuis
venulis minutissimum reticulum impressum formantibus; subtus ochra-
cea nervo medio elevato glabro nervis secundariis 13-14 utroque latere
prominentibus glabris paulo ascendentibus marginem versus arcuatis
evanescentibus, nervulis tertiis transversis confertis levissime promi-
nulis et sicut cetera superficie cum pellifcula araneosa tenui valde
compressa tectis.
Inflorescentia paniculata terminalis 10 cm. longa ramulis patulis
crassiusculis ad 4 cm. longis sicut axi dense tomento ochraceo lanato
tectis, bracteis chartaceis rigidis elliptico-oblongis navicularibus
amplexicaulibus utrinque glabris vel leviter indumento lanato deciduo,
infimis 12-14 mm. longis. Flores sessiles. Alabastra valde juvenilia
globosa 1.5 mm. diam. dense lanato, petalis orbicularibus staminibus
brevibus, hypanthio intus lanato.
Type: Colombia. Dep. Valle; Costa del Paclfico, rfo YurumanguT:
Veneral, bosques 10-50 m. alt., colect. 30-1-1944 J. Cuatrecasas
15786. "Arbol 10 m. alt. Tallo 8 cm. diam. Corteza gris oscura.
Madera amarillenta, dura." (F.)
L. veneralensis is distinguished by its coriaceous, elliptic-elongate,
glabrous leaves with prominent midrib and depressed reticulation on
the upper side, prominent glabrous nerves beneath and the apparently
glabrous surface that is covered with a thin layer of arachnoid, com-
pressed hairs. The inflorescence is lanate and the subcoriaceous
bracts are glabrous.
Licania glauca Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor 12 met. alta, caule 15 cm. diam. ramulis terminalibus fuscis
glabris parce lenticellatis.
Folia simplicia alterna breviter petiolata rigide coriacea. Petiolus
circa 4 mm. longus crassus glaber. Lamina ovato-elliptica vel ovata
basi rotundata sed anguste marginato-decurrens apice subite breviter-
que attenuato-apiculata, margine integra, 10-11.5 cm. longa, 5.5-6.5
110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
cm. lata; supra glaberrima nitida pallido-viridis in sicco castanea,
costa plana nervis lateralibus subdepresso-notatjs venulis prominulis
reticulatis; subtus viridi-glauca costa crassa eminent! nervis secun-
dariis 5-6 utroque latere prominentibus arcuato-ascendentibus ad mar-
ginem decurrentibus evanescentibus ceteris nervulis venulisque argute
prominuleque reticulatis, superficie rainutissimo indumento tomentoso
pulverulento plus minusve deciduo sed plus minusve permanenti induta.
Paniculae terminates et subterminales compositae. Axes ramulique
minute adpresseque ferrugineo-tomentosi, bracteolis triangular ibus
acutis tomentosis 2-3 mm. longis. Alabastra ochraceo-ferruginea (in
vivo viridia) 2-4 in glomerulis breviter pedunculatis, dense tomentosa,
hypanthio incus tomentoso-hirsutulo, petalis nullis, staminibus tribus
brevibus ovario tomentoso hirsute.
Fructus depresso-globosus brunnescens 3 cm. longus 4 cm. latus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Valle, dense forest along highway from
Buenaventura to Cali, near sea level, collect. June 10, 1944. E. P.
Killip & J. Cuatrecasas 39000. "Arbol 12 met., tallo 15 cm. diam.
Hoja rfgida, coriacea, verde amarillento brillante haz, verde glauco
enves. Inflorescencia sepia. Frutos deprimidos sepia parduscos 3x4
cm. (vacios)." (F.)
L. glauca is very well characterized by the minute, pulverulent,
glaucous tomentum on the lower side of its leaves, the marked, venu-
lose reticulation on both sides, its broadly obovate leaves, the small
number of secondary nerves, short petioles, and the strong, angulate,
tomentose branches of its inflorescences. Its flowers are glomerate
on short branchlets. Although it apparently resembles L. heteromorpha,
it differs from this species by being apetalous, by the toment of its
leaves, and its stronger inflorescences.
Licania subarachnophylla Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbor ad 20 met. aha ramulis terminalibus griseis gracilibus pubes-
centibus deinde glabratis squamulosisque.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata chartacea. Petiolus 3-4 mm. longus
crassiusculus tomentello-pubescens. Lamina elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica basi obtusa apice subrotundata vel abrupte brevissimeque
attenuato-mucronata margine integra, 4.5-6 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata;
supra in sicco castanea opaca nervo medio prominulo tomentuloso,
reliqua laevis venis obsoletis valde juniore araneosa mox glabra;
subtus tenue tomento floccoso-araneoso cinereo tecta costa elevata
rubescenti nervis secundariis f iliformibus rubescentibus patulis paralle-
lis circa 10 utroque latere marginem versus evanescentibus venulis
inconspicuis. Stipulae deciduae.
Inf lore see ntiae axillares et terminates subsimplices, aspectu
pseudo-spicatae, 4-15 cm. longae. Axis erectus subflexuosus gracilis
ochraceo-lanato-tomentosus. F lores sessiles 1-7 in glomerulos ses-
siles secundum axem dispositos congeste aggregati. Bracteae ovato-
lanceolatae submembranaceae acute pubescentes glomerulos alabastro-
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 111
rum paulo excedentes. Alabastra globosa ochracea lanato-tomentosa
circa 1.5 mm. lata. Hypanthium cupulare 1.5 mm. ahum, 2 mm. diam.
extus lanato-tomentosus incus lanatum. Sepak ovato-triangularia 1
mm. longa extus tomentosa intus basim versus glabrescens. Petala
membranacea orbicularia abrupte unguiculata glabra ad basim parce
araneosa excepto, 0.8 mm. diam. Stamina 15 basi in tubum continuum
coalita filamentis sepala excedentia glabris maturitate 3 mm., longis.
Ovarium tomentoso-lanatum. Stylus gynobasicus teneris hirtulo-lanatus
apice glabro 3 mm. longus.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Boyaca: Los Llanos, Orocue 150 m. alt.,
24-11-1939 collect. Oscar Haught 2629. "Tree + 20 m. with dense
crown of slender branches very floriferous. Flowers white." (F.)
L. subarachnoidea belongs to Sect. Moquilea and is easily dis-
tinguished by its rather small, chartaceous, elliptical leaves which
show no marked nerves on the upper side and are provided with a thin,
arachnoid tomentum beneath, and by its long, slender, pseudo-spiciform
inflorescences with sessile flowers aggregated in sessile, small
glomerules. These characters differentiate this new species from L.
tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, probably its most closely related species.
Licania salicifolia Cuatr., sp. nov.
Arbuscula 3-4 met. alta ramis terrainalibus griseis pubescentibus
minute lenticellati-tuberculatis, valde juvenilibus lanato-araneosis.
Folia simplicia alterna petiolata chartacea. Petiolus 4-5 mm. longus
subteres crassiusculus pubescens. Lamina oblongo-lanceolata basi
cuneata apice acuminata acutissima, margine paulo revoluta integerri-
ma, 6-10 cm. longa 12-26 mm. lata; supra in sicco olivacea junioribus
paulo araneosa mox glabra, costa prominula nervis secundariis parum
visibilibus; subtus subcinerea araneoso-tomentella costa elevata
nervis secundariis 10-14 utroque latere subfiliformibus prominulis
ascendentibus marginem versus arcuatis e vanes centib us nervulis
transversis reticulatis cum indumento velatis postremo plus minusve
prominulis. Stipulae angustissime lineares 4-8 mm. longae 0.1 mm.
latae pubescentes deciduae.
Inflorescentiae terminales et subterminales ramoso-paniculatae ad
15 cm. longae ramis gracilibus ochraceo-viridibus tomentosis plus
minusve flexuosis flores sessiles praecipue solitarios ferentibus.
Alabastra depresso-globosa ochracea crasse lanato-tomentosa 2-3 mnr.
lata. Hypanthium cupulare 1.5 mm. altura intus lanatus. Sepala 1.5
mm. longa ovata extus marginibusque lanato-tomentosa intus glabra.
Petala cordata acuta 1.5 mm. longa. Stamina circa 25 basi in tubum
coalita.
Type: Colombia, Dep. Antioquia: Rio Negro, July 1934 collect.
H. Daniel 477. (US)
The buds of our specimens cannot be fully analyzed, as they are
infected by insects. However, being related to L. tomentosa (Benth.)
Fritsch, L. salicifolia seems to belong to Sect. Moquilea. The narrower,
112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
cuspidate leaves as well as the pseudospicate-paniculate, tomentose
inflorescence bearing sessile flowers are striking features, permitting
ready identification of L. salicifolia.
Correction: Pag. 65, line 9-10, change "Hypanthium turbinatum
9.7 ram. ahum..." to "Hypanthium turbinatum 0.7 mm. ahum....".
Hirtella Mutisii Killip & Cuatr., sp. nov.
Kami terminales brunnescentes dense hirsutuli pilis rigidiusculis
patentibus ochraceis basi callosa muniti.
Folia siraplicia alterna chartacea subsessilia. Petiolus 0.5-2 mm.
longus crassiusculus hirsutus. Lamina oblongo-ovata basi subrotun-
data obtusissima interdum emarginata apice cuspidato-attenuata acuta
margine plana laevis, 7.5-9.5 cm. longa 4-5 cm. lata; supra in sicco
brunnea costa toraentoso-hirsutula bene notata nervis secundariis
filiformibus paulo notatis pilis strigosis basi callosa secundum muni-
tis reticulo fere inconspicuo reliqua superficie spars is pilis strigosis
praedita; subtus siccitate pallidiora viridi-brunnea costa eminent!
densiuscula hirsuta nervis secundariis 7-8 utroque latere prominenti-
bus marginem versus arcuato-anastomosatis nervis tertiis venulisque
bene prominulis reticulatis, nervis secundariis reticuloque dense
callosis copioseque strigosis. Stipulae lineares circa 5 mm. longae.
Inflorescentiae subsimplices terminales et subterminales in panicu-
lam foliosair pseudoterrainalem aggregatae, singulae 4-9 cm. longae
aspectu racemosae axi dense hirsute bracteis linear ibus circa 2-3 ram.
longis, ramulis floriferis teneribus saepe unifloris interdum 2-3-floris
2-5 mm. longis bracteolis anguste linearibus brevibus circa 1-2 mm.
longis. Pedicelli teneres recti vel flexuosi 3-5 mm. longi hirsuti.
Hypanthium 5-6 mm. longura angustissime tubulosum apice cupulari-
conico dense hirsutumtubo 0.6 mm. lato apice 2 ram. diam. intus
glaber sed fauce annulo hirsutissimo munitum. Sepala elliptica apice
attenuata utrinque villosa 3 mm. longa 2 mm. lata. Petala membrana-
cea glabra tria elliptica 3 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata, duo angustiora
asymmetrica. Stamina 3, filamentis glabris longissimis antheris ellip-
ticis 0.7 mm. longis. Ovarium hirsutissimum. Stylus longus dimidia
inferiore parte hirsuta superiore glabra, stigmate dilatato rotundato.
Type: Colombia, without definite locality collect. J. C. Mutis 3554.
(US) Cotype: Mutis 23. (US)
//. Mutisii is closely related to //. triandra Sw but differs by its
more densely hirsute and strigose hairs and chiefly by the conspicuous
callosities at the base of the hairs which are contiguous along the
lower side of the leaves. Moreover, in the inflorescence the secundary
branchlets often have only one flower, seldom two or three, simulating
flexuose racemes. On the contrary, in //. triandra the branchlets are
longer and rigid with usually several flowers and many bracts and the
pedicels are shorter. The hypanthium in H. Mutisii is longer, simulat-
ing a pedicel.
STUDIES IN SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS-III 113
Licania minuscula Cuatr., norn. nov.
Licania minutiflora Cuatr., Fieldiana: Botany, Vol. 27: 64 (1950),
not L. minutiflora Fritsch (1889).
INDEX
Synonyms in italics
Acanthosyris colombiana, (1) 55
Aquifoliaceae, (2) 79
Arboluco de montaria, (1)18
Bedfordia linearis, (1) 47
salicina, (1) 50
Bernouillia swietenioides, (1) 88
Bombacaceae, (1) 87
Brunellia ecuadoriensis, (2) 77
hygrothermica, (2) 76
velutina, (2) 75
Brunelliaceae, (2) 75
Buchenavia pallidovirens, (1) 107
stellae, (1) 109
vaupesana, (1) 108
Cacalia candicans, (1) 44, 1+9, (2) ;
humilis, (1) 47
ilicifolia, (1) 47
lanata, (1) 37
ledifolia, (1) 37, 47
linearis, (1) 47
nitida, (1) 37
salicina, (1) 50
venezuelae, (1) 31
Carra, (1) 92
Cartagiieno, (1) 71
Casearia cajambrensis, (1) 103
cordillerana, (1) 102
megacarpa, (1) 99
Cassipourea calimensis, (1) 105
floribunda, (1) 106
Killipii, (1) 103
Cedrela subandina, (1) 67
Celastraceae, (1) 83, (2) 81
Celastrus colombiana, (2) 81
meridensis, (2) 82
Cervantesia colombiana, (1) 55
macrocarpa, (1) 55
Chalde, (1) 75
Cineraria Candida, (1) 45
Combretaceae, (1) 107
Compositae, (2) 1
Connaraceae, (2) 100
Connarus merizaldinus, (2) 101
nervatus, (2) 100
silvanensis, (2) 102
Couepia platycalyx, (1) 66
Culcitium, (1) 40
adscendens, (1) 44, 45, 47
boyacensis, (1) 43, 45, (2) 36
candidum, (1) 44, 45, (2) 38
canescens, (1) 43, 45, (2) 36, 73
canescens var. monocephalum, (2) 37
cocuyanum, (1) 43, 45
dasyphyllum, (1) 43, 46, (2) 39, 74
dentatum, (1) 46, (2) 38
denticulatum, (1) 44, 46
depressum, (1) 46
discolor, (1) 43, 46
ferrugineum, (1) 44, 46
Gargantanum, (1) 44, 46
Gayanum, (1) 43, 46, (2) 38, 74
Gilliesii, (1) 46, (2) 38
glaciale, (1) 44, 46
Haenkei, (1) 44, 46
Herrerae, (1) 46
humik, (1) 47
hyoseridis, (1) 47
hypoleucum, (1) 44, 47
ilicifolium, (1) 47
Lechlerii, (1) 47
ledifolium, (1) 44, 47
linear e, (1) 47
lingulatum, (1) 44, 47
longifolium, (1) 48
magnellanicum, (1) 48
Neaei, (1), 44, 48
nitidum, (1) 48
nivale, (1) 44, 48
niyale var. Neaei, (1) 44, 48
niveo-aureum, (1) 48
ovatum, (1) 48, (2) 38
Panizzae, (1) 48
paranense, (1) 40, 48
Pavonii, (1) 44, 49
peduncularis, (1) 49
peruvianum, (1) 43, 49, (2) 39
Pflanzii, (1) 44, 49
pichinchense, (1) 44, 49, (2) 38
Poeppigii, (1) 44, 45, 49, (2) 38, 74
puracense, (1) 44, 49
radiatum, (1) 50
reflexum, (1) 44, 48, 49, (2) 38, 73
rex, (1) 45, 49
rosmarinifolium, (1) 45, 49
rufescens, (1) 45, 49, (2) 36, 73
salicinum, (1) 50
santandorense, (1) 45, 50
serratifolium, (1) 45, 50
115
116
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Culcitium sessile, (1) 44, 50, (2) 39, 74
Sodiroi, (1) 45, 50, (2) 39, 73
Stuckertii, (1) 50
tenellum, (1) 43, 50, (2) 74
uniflorum, (1) 48, 50, (2) 38
Eschweilera cincta, (2) 83
inaequisepala, (2) 87
lancifolia, (2) 85
montana, (2) 90
oligosperma, (2) 85
pachyderma, (2) 91
sclerophylla, (2) 92
violacea, (2) 88
Flacourtiaceae, (1) 98
Fusispermum, (1) 94
minutiflorum, (1) 94
rubrolignosum, (1) 96
Gloeospermum sclerophyllum, (1) 97
Gnaphalium uniflorum, (1) 48
Gongylolepis Benthamiana, (1) 52
colombiana, (1) 51
Grias colombiana, (2) 96
multinervia, (2) 97
Guarea cartaguenya, (1) 70
caulobotryis, (1) 69
Chalde, (1) 74
corrugata, (1) 72
mancharra, (1) 71
megaphylla, (1) 73
Ruagea, (1) 77
rubrisepala, (1) 73
Gustavia foliosa, (2) 96
magna, (2) 93
occidentalis, (2) 94
Gynoxys albifluminis, (2) 12
Apollinaris, (2) 16
aquifolia, (1) 12
arnicae, (1) 2
arnicae var. scan dens, (1) 3
arnicae f. subtomentosa, (1) 3
baccharoides, (1) 4
capituliparva, (2) 6
columbiana, (2) 17
compressissima, (2) 4
cuicochensis, (2) 16
cusilluyocana, (2) 8
cuzcoensis, (2) 9
flexopedes, (1) 13
florulenta, (1) 4
huasahuasis, (2) 2
ignaciana, (2) 14
ilicifolia, (1) 47
induta, (1) 9
infralanata, (2) 6
laurata, (1) 5
Lindenii, (1) 4
Macfrancisci, (2) 3
Metcalfii, (2) 2
miniphylla, (1) 11
neovelutina, (2) 11
paramuna, (1) 7
perbracteosa, (1) 1
pillahuatensis, (2) 7
puracensis, (2) 17
Reinaldi, (2) 15
Rimbachii, (1) 10
Rusbyi, (2) 10
sancti-antonii, (1) 9
sorataensis, (2) 12
subamplectens, (2) 1
subcinerea, (1) 6
Trianae var. nemocona, (2) 17
vacana, (2) 5
venulosa, (1) 8
verrucosa, (2) 38
verrucosa var. grandifolia, (1) 13
visoensis, (2) 13
yananoensis, (2) 10
Gynura hematophylla, (1) 46
Hasseltia tomentulosa, (1) 98
Hippia peduncularis, (1) 49
Hirtella enneandra, (1) 58
Mutisii, (2) 112
racemosa var. metallica, (1) 60
tubiflora, (1) 59
Homalium chocoense, (1) 99
Huberodendron ingens, (1) 92
Patinoi, (1) 87
Styraciflorum, (1) 88
swietenioides, (1) 92
Huira-huira, (2) 65
Ilex farallonensis, (2) 79
flosparva, (2) 80
fructiclipeata, (2) 81
scandens, (2) 81
velutinulosa, (2) 79
Lacistema occidentale, (1) 93
pacificum, (1) 93
Lacistemaceae, (1) 93
Lasiocephalus ovatus, (1) 48, (2) 38
Lecythidaceae, (2) 83
Leonia triandra, (2) 77
LeptineUa peduncularis, (1) 49
Liabum columbianum, (2) 17
Licania bullatifolia, (1) 63
Caldasiana, (2) 106
calvescens, (1) 64
chocoensis, (1) 65
durifolia, (1) 61
glauca, (2) 109
macrocarpa, (2) 107
minuscula, (2) 113
minutiflora, (1) 64, (2) US
pulchravenia, (2) 106
salicifolia, (2) 111
subarachnophylla, (2) 110
vaupesana, (2) 105
velata, (1) 60
veneralensis, (2) 109
INDEX
117
Loganiaceae, (2) 98
Mancharro, (1) 72
Matamaiz, (1) 55
Maytenus meridensis, (2) 82
novogranatensis, (1) 83
novogranatensis f. roseopetala, (1) 84
Meliaceae, (1) 67
Neocaldasia colombiana, (1) 52
Paullinia martinensis, (2) 82
Peltanthera costaricensis, (2) 98
Pich-picha, (2) 52
Plagiochilus peduncularis, (1) 49
Prunus falcata, (1) 57
muris, (1) 57
strobilifera, (1) 56
Pseudoconnarus agelaefolius, (2) 104
Purucu, (1) 20
Putur-putur, (2) 48
Rhizophoraceae, (1) 103
Rosaceae, (1) 56, (2) 105
Rourea antipquensis, (2) 103
granatensis, (2) 102
Ruagea floribunda, (1) 79
pubescens, (1) 76, 77
silviandina, (1) 75
tomentosa, (1) 80
trisperma, (1) 77
Santalaceae, (1) 55
Sapindaceae, (2) 82
Senecio aberrens, (2) 72
abietinus, (2) 70
aciculatus, (2) 70
adglacialis, (2) 20
adscendens, (1) 45
Alberti-Smithii, (2) 21
almorzaderonis, (1) 51, (2) 73
alternifolius, (2) 72
andicola, (1) 37, (2) 72
andicola var. paniculatus, (1) 37
antaicochensis, (2) 67
antioquensis, (2) 27, 71
apiculatus, (2) 71
Arboluco, (1) 18, (2) 72
arboreus, (2) 71
arbutifolius, (2) 71
Archeri, (2) 28, 71
arequipensis, (2) 62
austrorufescens, (1) 43, 50, (2) 39
ayopayensis, (2) 50, 73
Badilloi, (1) 39
balsapampae, (1) 18, (2) 73
bejucosus, (1) 22
bejucosus var. lancifolius, (1) 23
boyacensis, (1) 43, 45, 50, (2) 36
bugalagrandis, (1) 20
Cabrerae, (2) 61, 72
cachacoensis, (2) 34
calianus, (1) 24
candidans, (2) 38, 74
candidus, (1) 45
Candollii, (1) 47, 50
canescens, (1) 43, 45, 50, (2) 36, 73
canescens var. boyacensis, (2) 36
canescens var. ecuadoriensis, (2) 37
canescens var. elongatus, (2) 37
canescens var. elongatus f . magnificus,
(2) 37
canescens var. macrocephalus, (2) 36
canescens var. monocephalus, (2) 37
cano-purpureus, (2) 42
Cardenasii, (2) 48
Caroli-tertii, (2) 72
Carrikeri, (2) 33
chachaniensis, (2) 44
charaguensis, (2) 59
Chionogeton, (2) 73
chitaganus, (1) 38
cobrensis, (1) 27
cocuyanus, (1) 43, 45, 50, (2) 73
colaminus, (2) 58
colombianus, (2) 72
comosus, (2) 74
comosus var. blancus, (2) 63
comosus var. debilis, (2) 63
culciklattii, (1) 43, 49, 51, (2) 39, 73
culciremyi, (1) 43, 46, (2) 38
culcitenellus, (1) 43, 50, (2) 39, 74
culcitioides, (1) 50, (2) 74
Danielis, (2) 31
dasyphyllus, (1) 43, 46, (2) 39, 74
depressus, (1) 46
diamantensis, (2) 26, 71
Dielsii, (2) 72
discolor, (1) 46
discoloratus, (1) 43, 46
Don-candidus, (1) 44, 45, (2) 38
ecuadoriensis, (2) 71
elatoides, (2) 70
Ellsworthii, (2) 25
ericaefolius, (2) 71
erymophillus, (1) 40
Featherstonei, (2) 41
ferrugineus, (1) 44, 46, 50
flocculidens, (2) 71
floribundus, (2) 34
flos-fragrans, (2) 71
Fortunatus, (2) 47
frigidophilus, (2) 23, 71
Garcibarrigae var. cataractarum,
(2)21
Gargantanus, (1) 44, 46, 51, (2) 73
Gayanus, (1) 46
gelidus, (1) 40, 48, 51, (2) 73
gelidus f. latifolius, (1) 40
g;snerifolius, (1) 33
illiesii, (1) 46, (2) 38, 74
glacialis, (1) 44, 45, 46, 51, (2) 39
Goodspeedii, (2) 51, 73
Guadelupe, (2) 23
guantivanus, (2) 71
guicanensis, (1) 51, (2) 73
118
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 27
Senecio hachanus, (2) 71
Haenkeanus, (1) 44, 46, 51, (2) 73
Haenkei, (1) 46
haticoensis, (2) 29
Haughtii, (1) 25
haullaganus, (2) 54
huanuconus, (2) 45, 72
huanuconus var. ilicifolius, (2) 46
humilis, (1) 47
hypoleucus, (1) 47
hypsobates, (1) 39, 51, (2) 73
hypsobates var. parvulus, (1) 39
incaicus, (2) 43
ingens, (2) 72
Jahnii, (2) 32
Juanisernii, (2) 64
Kluggi, (2) 72
Krukoffii, (2) 60
laetivirens, (1) 39
lanatus, (1) 37
lancidentatus, (2) 58
latiflorus, (1) 50, 51, (2) 73
latiflorus var. lacunosus, (1) 35
Lechlerii, (1) 47
ledifolius, (1) 37, 47, (2) 70
ledifolius var. Lehmannii, (1) 38
ledifolius var. Schlimii, (1) 38
Lehmannii, (1) 38, (2) 70
leiocladus, (2) 72
leucophorbius, (2) 39, 73
Lindenii, (1) 38, (2) 70
lingulatus, (1) 44, 47, 51, (2) 73
Llewelynii, (2) 45
lloensis, (2) 73
longifolius, (1) 48
longilinguae, (2) 51
loretensis, (2) 56, 71
lucidissimus, (2) 56
Macbridei, (2) 72
magellanicus, (1) 48, 50, (2) 74
mamancanacanus, (2) 32
meridanus, (2) 38, 72
Microchaete, (2) 71
Miguelii, (2) 54
minesinus, (2) 69
mitonis, (2) 40
moscopanus, (1) 16, (2) 72
Mutisii, (2) 71
Mutisii var. congestus, (1) 39
Mutisii var. lanceolatus, (1) 39
multinervis, (2) 73
myrsinites, (2) 71
Neaei, (1) 44, 48
Neeanus, (1) 44, 48, 51
neoascendens, (1) 44, 45, 51, (2) 73
neodendroides, (2) 72
neodenticulatus, (1) 44, 46, 51
neoglandulosus, (2) 44
neosessilis, (1) 44, 50, 51, (2) 39, 74
nitidus, (1) 37, 48, (2) 72
nivalis, (1) 44, 48, 51, (2) 73
niveo-aureus, (1) 48, 51, (2) 73
novolanatus, (2) 24, 70
onae, (1) 30
onae var. leonis, (1) 31
otophorus var. christophori, (2) 22
otophorus var. panduratus, (1) 38
ovatus, (1) 48
pachypus, (1) 51, (2) 71
paramensis, (1) 40
pascuiandinus, (2) 19
Pavonii, (1) 44, 49, (2) 73
peduncularis, (1) 49
pentamerus, (2) 57
peruvianus, (1) 49
Pflanzii, (1) 44, 47, 51
pichinchensis, (1) 44, 45, 49, 51,
(2) 38, 71
Pittieri, (1) 34
Poeppigii, (1) 44, 45, 49, (2) 38, 74
polymerus, (2) 35
pongoensis, (2) 61
pseudoformosus, (1) 29
ptarianus, (1) 26
pulchellus, (2) 71
puna-sessilis, (2) 65, 73
puracensis, (1) 44, 49, 51, (2) 73
Pururu, (1) 19, (2) 73
quitensis, (2) 38, 73
ramentosus, (2) 71
Ramonii, (2) 53
reflexifolius, (1) 44, 48, (2) 38
reflexus, (1) 44, 48, 50, 51, (2) 38, 72
Reissianus, (2) 72
repens, (1) 47
rex, (1) 45, 49, 51
riotintis, (1) 28
romeroides, (1) 45, 49, 51, (2) 73
rosmarinifolius, (1) 49
rubrilacunae, (1) 35, 51
rufescens, (1) tf, 45, 49, 50, (2) 36, 39
sabulosus, (1) 51
sailapatensis, (2) 52
sancti-sebastiani, (2) 35
santacrucensis, (2) 39
santanderensis, (1) 45, 50, 51, (2) 73
saxipunae, (2) 69
Schlimii, (1) 38
sclerosus, (2) 72
Scrobicana, (1) 47
semidentatus, (2) 72
serratifolius, (1) 45, 50, 51, (2) 73
sessilis, (1) 50
sibundoyensis, (2) 72
Silvani, (1) 14, (2) 72
silvascandens, (1) 21
Sodiroi, (1) 45, 50, 51, (2) 39
Sodirscandens, (1) 45, 50, (2) 39
Soukupii, (2) 64, 74
Steinbachianus, (2) 55
Steyermarkii, (1) 32, (2) 38
Stuebelii, (2) 71
subculcitioides, (2) 66, 74
subdecurrens, (2) 73
sublutescens, (2) 68
summus, (1) 30, 48, 51, (2) 74
INDEX
119
superandinus, (2) 38, 73
supernitens, (2) 28
supremus, (2) 18, 73
tamaensis, (2) 71
tenellus, (1) 50
tephrosioides, (2) 73
teretifolius, (2) 70
tergolanatus, (2) 17
theaefolius, (2) 71
timidus, (2) 66, 73
tipocochensis, (2) 72
tolimensis, (2) 72
Tomasianus, (2) 30
toreadoris, (1) 34
Trianaei, (2) 71
trichopus, (2) 71
Tuestae, (2) 46, 72
unduayianus, (2) 49, 73
vaccinioides, (2) 71
vaginaefolius, (2) 39, 74
vallecancanus, (1) 23
vallecancanus var. corralensis, (1) 24
Vargasii, (2) 72
venezuelae, (1) 31, (2) 72
vernicosus, (1) 36, (2) 72
vernicosus B major, (1) 37
vernicosus var. microphyllus, (1) 36
vernicosus var. nanus, (1) 36
viridi-albus, (1) 51, (2) 73
vulcanopichis, (1) 45, 49
vulgans, (1) 46
vulpinaris, (1) 26
Weberbaueri, (2) 41, 70
Weddellianus, (1) 36
Wedglacialis, (1) 45, 46, (2) 39
Weimannifolius, (2) 71
Woytkowskii, (2) 49
Stahelina ilicifolia, (1) 47
Sterculiaceae, (1) 84
Styracaceae, (1) 112
Styrax leptactinosus, (1) 112
Symplocaceae, (1) 109
Symplocos gibraltarica, (1) 109
pichindensis, (1) 110
sararensis, (1) 112
venulosa, (1) 111
Theobroma stipulatum, (1) 84
Trichilia colombiana, (1) 81
laxipaniculata, (1) 82
Valerioa costaricensis, (2) 98
Vernonia floribunda, (2) 34
Violaceae, (1) 94, (2) 77
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